A legal pluralism perspective on coastal fisheries governance in two Pacific Island countries

Evaluating the Fit of Co-management for Small-Scale Fisheries Governance in Timor-Leste

“…However, there are major differences in permanency, size, objectives, legal status, and design considerations between taboos and MPAs, meaning that sites designed as both may either not perform the ecological functions expected of them as MPAs or will not be sufficiently small or flexible to have minimal negative impacts on community life (Govan, 2009;Halpern et al, 2010). There is a risk that international NGOs will not ensure the best fit between local contexts and how co-management is enshrined in national policy or approaches (Rohe et al, 2017(Rohe et al, , 2019.…”

Sea cucumber management strategies: challenges and opportunities in a developing country context

“…An analysis of the relationship between national marine legislation and customary marine resource-use rules in the Pacific Islands shows that, despite the recognition of customary fishing Cheating occurs when fishers, processors and/or exporters store their product until the seasonal restriction or moratoria is over; compliance may be difficult to achieve given some fishers' economic dependence on sea cucumbers; limited evidence that short-term closures help stocks recover; if minimum threshold has been passed, a moratorium may be ineffective Ashworth et al (2004), Battaglene et al (2004), Barner et al (2015), Choo (2008, Cohen and Steenbergen (2015), Jimmy et al 2012 2018, Conand (2008b), Conand et al (2006), Eriksson et al (2015), Jimmy et al 2012, Jontila et al (2018), Kinch et al (2008), Lokani et al (1996, Purcell 2010 Environmental Conservation grounds and the involvement of traditional authorities in sea cucumber management, compliance and enforcement in these regions suffer due to a lack of communication and collaboration within the governing structures across multiple scales (Rohe et al 2019). By increasing communication and integrating regulations across multiple nodes of the value chain, the frequent disconnect between state and non-state actors (e.g., community-based associations, private companies, conservation non-governmental organizations) has a better chance of transitioning from indifference or antagonism to accommodation and mutual support.…”

Pluralism Consciousness for Students at Muhammadiyah University of Kupang Through Multicultural Education

“…This is tolerance, but it is not pluralism and multiculturalism because essentially the Christian religion also should greetings "shalom" [35]. Therefore, to make the institution became pluralism and multiculturalism, every student greets in their religion custom even with people of different religions to avoid alienation in their religion [16]. [35], [37], [38].…”

“…Implementation of multicultural education in Muhammadiyah institutions will grow pluralism consciousness to their members [15]. The spirit of pluralism is very important to them who are living in minority places, such Islamic education (Muhammadiyah University of Kupang) has more Christian students than Muslim students, while they are living in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara Province that has Christian majority [16]. However, these phenomena showed that although the Muhammadiyah University of Kupang is Islamic ideology, it has emphasized pluralist consciousness to other religions through multicultural education such us accepting and servicing Christian students.…”