A Late Jurassic freshwater shark assemblage (Chondrichthyes, Hybodontiformes) from the southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China

Klug, Stefanie; Tütken, Thomas; Wings, Oliver; Pfretzschner, Hans-Ulrich; Martin, Thomas

doi:10.1007/s12549-010-0032-2

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…It is closer to morphotype 1b described from the Oxfordian of Northwest China by Klug et al (2010). However, taking into account the diversity of dermal denticle morphology that can be encountered in a single hybodont, as in for example Hybodus delabechei (Reif 1978), it is difficult to say whether this morphotype 2 belonged to a different genus than the other denticles from Phu Noi.…”

Section: Family? Hybodontidae Owen 1846mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…have all been recovered from freshwater environments (Rees and Underwood 2006;Klug et al 2010), supporting Rees and Underwood's theory that this genus shifted from a marine to a non-marine environment during the Jurassic (Rees and Underwood 2006). This shift seems to be correlated with a reduction in size, as the post-Toarcian teeth do not exceed 15 mm mesio-distally (Xue 1980;Rees and Underwood 2006), whereas Early Jurassic teeth twice that size are not rare (Casier 1959).…”

Section: Figures 5 6a-hmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The presence in the teeth from the Phu Kradung Formation of the following characters allows us to refer these teeth to Acrodus: cusped anterior teeth, crown with a complex ornamentation and a labially displaced longitudinal crest, and a porous root. They differ from those of A. biscrasseplicatus from the Middle Jurassic of Gansu (Northern China), the ornamentation of which is made of a few, short ridges (Xue 1980;Klug et al 2010). The Thai material is therefore attributed to a new species, mainly based on the narrow aspect of the teeth-quite unusual in Acrodus.…”

Section: Figures 5 6a-hmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Comparison The lack of a well-developed labial peg at the base of the main cusp and of irregular, horizontal ridges near the base of the crown separates these two teeth from those of Jiaodontus from the Oxfordian of Northwest China (Klug et al 2010). With their rather low, pyramidal cusp and cusplets showing labial nodes in anterior teeth, these teeth would probably have been attributed to ''Polyacrodus'' in the past.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…H. huangnidanensis from the Oxfordian of Northwest China, showing a similar shape and ornamentation pattern. The Chinese teeth can, however, be separated from the Thai ones as the latter possess a longitudinal crest that is not interrupted between cusp and cusplets, and there is no bulge at the base of the ridges ornamenting the crown (Wang 1977;Klug et al 2010). The Thai teeth are also similar to those of Hybodus sp.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shark faunas from the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous of northeastern Thailand

Cuny

Liard²,

Deesri

et al. 2013

Paläontol Z

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A revision of the freshwater shark fauna from the Phu Kradung Formation in NE Thailand allows the recognition of a new species of Acrodus, which represents the youngest occurrence of the genus and confirms its displacement in freshwater environments after the Toarcian. The rest of the shark fauna includes teeth of Hybodus sp., aff. Hybodus sp., hybodontid dermal denticles, Jiaodontus sp., Lonchidion sp. A, Lonchidion sp. B, Heteroptychodus cf. H. kokutensis and dorsal fin spines. The presence of Jaiodontus and of unusual hybodontid dermal denticles suggests a Jurassic age for most of the Phu Kradung Formation, whereas the presence of Heteroptychodus suggests an Early Cretaceous age for the top of the Formation. However, the age of the Phu Kradung Formation is still uncertain, with contradictory signals coming from palynology, detrital zircon thermochronology and vertebrate palaeontology. In any case, it appears that this is the oldest occurrence of the genus Heteroptychodus, and suggests a Thai origin for this genus, which may have replaced Acrodus in the Thai freshwater palaeoecosystems. Together with Acrodus, the presence of Lonchidion sp. A suggests some European affinities for the shark fauna from the Phu Kradung Formation.

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Section: Family? Hybodontidae Owen 1846mentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Figures 5 6a-hmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Figures 5 6a-hmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shark faunas from the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous of northeastern Thailand

Cuny

Liard²,

Deesri

et al. 2013

Paläontol Z

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A new chondrichthyan fauna from the Late Jurassic of the Swiss Jura (Kimmeridgian) dominated by hybodonts, chimaeroids and guitarfishes

Leuzinger¹,

Cuny

Popov

et al. 2017

Papers in Palaeontology

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The fossil record of chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and chimaeroids) principally consists of isolated teeth, spines and dermal denticles, their cartilaginous skeleton being rarely preserved. Several Late Jurassic chondrichthyan assemblages have been studied in Europe based on large bulk samples, mainly in England, France, Germany and Spain. The first study of this kind in Switzerland is based on controlled excavations in Kimmeridgian deposits related to the construction of the A16 motorway in the Swiss Jura (Porrentruy, NW Switzerland). This study is based on more than 2000 isolated chondrichthyan remains (teeth, dental plates, spines and dermal denticles) and adds to our knowledge of the chondrichthyan distribution at a regional scale in Europe. We describe and identify this new fauna, define a new species of hybodont with crushing-type dentition (Asteracanthus udulfensis sp. nov.) and report for the first time the carcharhiniform Corysodon cirinensis in Switzerland. By the Late Jurassic, modern neoselachian sharks had overtaken hybodonts in European marine realms, the latter being gradually confined to brackish or freshwater environments. However, while the associated fauna of the Porrentruy platform indicates marine conditions, neoselachian sharks are surprisingly rare. The chondrichthyan assemblage is largely dominated by hybodonts, guitarfishes (rays) and chimaeroids that are all known to be euryhaline. This unexpected chondrichthyan faunal composition questions the presence of fresh to brackish water in the vicinity of the platform, and the occurrence of salinity fluctuations within a general context marine. This could explain the scarcity of neoselachian sharks and the extended success of hybodonts in the Porrentruy area as late as the Late Jurassic.

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A unique hybodontiform skeleton provides novel insights into Mesozoic chondrichthyan life

Stumpf

López‐Romero

Kindlimann

et al. 2021

Papers in Palaeontology

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Asteracanthus was one of the most common Mesozoic hybodontiform chondrichthyans, given that remains traditionally referred to this genus have been reported almost worldwide from Middle Triassic to Late Cretaceous strata so far. Asteracanthus was erected by Louis Agassiz for Late Jurassic fin spines with stellate tubercles. Later, Arthur Smith Woodward synonymized Strophodus, originally introduced by Agassiz for distinctive crushing teeth of Triassic-Cretaceous age, with Asteracanthus based on associated teeth and spines from the English Middle Jurassic. This taxonomic scheme has been accepted for more than 130 years until now, although articulated material has never been found. Here, we present a unique hybodontiform skeleton from the German Late Jurassic, displaying a striking combination of characters: tuberculate dorsal fin spines reminiscent of Asteracanthus, and multicuspid teeth that markedly differ from the crushing teeth previously referred to this genus. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, we compared its fin spines with those that were found in association with Agassiz's Strophodus teeth, providing evidence that Asteracanthus and Strophodus in fact represent two valid genera distinct from all other hybodontiforms. Morphological features that distinguish fin spines of Strophodus from those of all other hybodontiforms include a straight anterior border and distally distributed posterior denticles. These observations led us to present an emended diagnosis for Asteracanthus. Dentally, Asteracanthus shows strong resemblance to Hybodus, but it otherwise lacks a palatobasal process on the palatoquadrate. Therefore, and in the absence of any reliable phylogenetic framework, we recommend treating Asteracanthus as incertae familiae until hybodontiform interrelationships are resolved.

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A Late Jurassic freshwater shark assemblage (Chondrichthyes, Hybodontiformes) from the southern Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Shark faunas from the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous of northeastern Thailand

Shark faunas from the Late Jurassic—Early Cretaceous of northeastern Thailand

A new chondrichthyan fauna from the Late Jurassic of the Swiss Jura (Kimmeridgian) dominated by hybodonts, chimaeroids and guitarfishes

A unique hybodontiform skeleton provides novel insights into Mesozoic chondrichthyan life

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