A Large Jackstone Calculus Incidentally Detected on CT Examination: A Case Report With Literature Review

Abstract

A rare case of Jackstone calculus in the bladder that was incidentally detected on a computed tomography (CT) examination in a patient with non-specific abdominal pain is described. Jackstone calculus represents a rare entity characterized by a central dense core with peripheral projections that resembles a children's toy. It is important to recognize this entity because it is conducive to fragmentation through lithotripsy. Jackstone calculi are usually described in veterinary literature, but they are rare in humans. In human patients, their formations are caused by urinary obstructions.

Jackstone: A Calculus “Toy” in the Bladder. A Case Report of Rare Entity and Comprehensive Review of the Literature

“…The clinical presentations include nonspecific abdominal pain, voiding and obstructive LUTS, suprapubic pain, and episodes of macroscopic hematuria [7,8]. In some instances, bladder calculi can manifest without symptoms [8,9].…”

“…Intriguingly, Roose et al commented on the patient's preference against an active treatment of JC despite the radiologic findings of prostate enlargement and bladder diverticulum [3]. In another interesting article, Brogna et al cited the incidental detection of JC in an 84-year-old male with nonspecific abdominal pain [9].…”

May a comprehensive mineralogical study of a jackstone calculus and some other human bladder stones unveil health and environmental implications?

“…Sample KS012B shows a spiculated appearance that allow us to classify this stone among the socalled Jackstone calculi [34,36,37,[79][80][81][82]. This kind of urinary stone is freely movable in the bladder and is usually composed, according to literature [34,37,82], by calcium oxalate dehydrate.…”