A large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Spencer, Thomas; Biederman, Joseph; Wilens, Timothy E.; Doyle, Robert; Surman, Craig; Prince, Jefferson B.; Mick, Eric; Aleardi, Megan; Herzig, Kathleen; Faraone, Stephen V.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.043

Cited by 321 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

217

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is also increasingly abused as a nonprescribed 'cognitive enhancer' (Smith and Farah, 2011). For ADHD patients characterized by inappropriate social behavior as evaluated by authority figures and peers, MPH and other stimulants tend to improve social performance (Gadow et al, 1995;Hinshaw et al, 1989;Klein et al, 1997;Pelham et al, 1985;Spencer et al, 2005;Sprague and Sleater 1977;Whalen et al, 1989). This effect may occur, in part, from increased conformity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Campbell-Meiklejohn

Simonsen

Jensen

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to infer value from the reactions of other people is a common and essential ability with a poorly understood neurobiology. Commonly, social learning matches one's values and behavior to what is perceived as normal for one's social group. This is known as conformity. Conformity of value correlates with neural activity shared by cognitions that depend on optimum catecholamine levels, but catecholamine involvement in conformity has not been tested empirically. Methylphenidate (MPH) is an indirect dopamine and noradrenalin agonist, commonly used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder for which it reduces undesirable behavior as evaluated by peers and authority figures, indicative of increased conformity. We hypothesized that MPH might increase conformity of value. In all, 38 healthy adult females received either a single oral 20 mg dose of MPH or placebo (PL). Each subject rated 153 faces for trustworthiness followed immediately by the face's mean rating from a group of peers. After 30 min and a 2-back continuousperformance working-memory task, subjects were unexpectedly asked to rate all the faces again. Both the groups tended to change their ratings towards the social norm. The MPH group exhibited twice the conformity effect of the PL group following moderate social conflict, but this did not occur following large conflicts. This suggests that MPH might enhance signals that would otherwise be too weak to evoke conformity. MPH did not affect 2-back performance. We provide a new working hypothesis of a neurocognitive mechanism by which MPH reduces socially disruptive behavior and provides novel evidence of catecholamine mediation of social learning.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Campbell-Meiklejohn

Simonsen

Jensen

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All subjects completed the Adult ADHD Self-report Scale (ASRS 9 ). We included only subjects who: a) reported a full diagnosis in childhood (meaning six or more symptoms in one of the domains) and b) currently presented at least six or more symptoms of either inattention or hyperactivity--impulsivity according to DSM-IV; although this DSM-IV criterion may be too restrictive for an adult sample, the same criterion is widely used in adult samples of ADHD 10 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-evaluated burden in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pilot study

Mattos

Dias

Segenreich

et al. 2010

J. bras. psiquiatr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

objectives: To investigate feasibility and easiness of administration of a brief and simple instrument addressing impairment associated with adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and if ADHD subtypes were correlated to specific profiles of self-reported impairment. methods: Thirty-five adults (19 men and 16 women; mean age of 31.74 years) diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-IV with a semi-structured interview (K-SADS PL) were asked to fill out a Likert scale covering six different functional areas (academic, professional, marital, familiar, social and daily activities). Clinicians questioned patients about their understanding of the questionnaire and investigated their answers in more details to check consistency of their answers. results: No patient reported difficulties in understanding the questionnaire. Further questioning of patients' answers confirmed their choices in the six areas. Academic burden had the highest average score in the whole sample, followed by professional burden. Social area had the lowest average score in this sample. (acadêmica, profissional, marital, familiar, social resumo Objetivos: Investigar a viabilidade e facilidade de administração de instrumento simples e breve de avaliação de comprometimento em adultos com transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade e se os subtipos de TDAH se correlacionam com perfis específicos de comprometimento autoavaliado. Métodos: Trinta e cinco adultos (19 homens e 16 mulheres, idade média de 31,74 anos) diagnosticados com TDAH com entrevista semiestruturada (K-SADS) utilizando os critérios da DSM-IV foram solicitados a preencher uma escala tipo Likert cobrindo seis diferentes áreas do funcionamento

show abstract

“…Although this criterion may be considered very restrictive and may reduce the number of ADHD diagnosis, several studies investigating drug treatment of adults with ADHD have used this same symptom severity criterion 13 . This criterion was selected due to the fact that it allows the selection of a sample of ADHD patients with lower risk of false-positive diagnoses.…”

Section: Sample and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validade de constructo e confiabilidade da versão em língua portuguesa do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Adultos que apresentam TDAH (AAQoL)

Mattos¹,

Segenreich²,

Dias³

et al. 2011

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Several studies demonstrate that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is related to worse measures of quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the reliability and construct validity of the Portuguese version of the Adult ADHD Quality of Life Questionnaire (AAQoL). Methods: Adults with age ranging from 18 to 60 years old were included in this study. According to their diagnostic status they were divided into three groups: a) ADHD subjects using DSM-IV criteria; b) subjects with subthreshold ADHD; c) control comparison group without ADHD. The following questionnaires were applied: ASRS; SF-36 and AAQoL. The first part of the study evaluated the construct validity of the instrument and in the second part its reliability was tested. Results: ADHD, subthreshold ADHD and control groups comprised 29, 18 and 29 subjects, respectively. We found a negative correlation between the number of symptoms (ASRS) and the AAQoL total score considering all three groups. ADHD group presented worse levels of quality of life when compared to control group. As a whole, AAQol scores had significant correlation with SF-36 scores. Results indicated high levels of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Discussion: The AAQoL construct presented high internal consistency of items, stability and construct validity.

show abstract

A large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 321 publications

References 43 publications

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Modulation of Social Influence by Methylphenidate

Self-evaluated burden in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pilot study

Validade de constructo e confiabilidade da versão em língua portuguesa do Questionário de Qualidade de Vida em Adultos que apresentam TDAH (AAQoL)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About