A Laminagraphic Study of Pulse (Vocal Fry) Register Phonation

Pulse register phonation in Diana monkey alarm calls

“…Moreover, there is a positive correlation between vocal fold thickness ͑i.e., mass, length, and stiffness͒ and fundamental frequency ͓reviewed in Titze ͑1994͔͒. This relationship is absent in the pulse register ͑Hollien et Allen and Hollien, 1973͒. Instead, the fundamental frequency of the pulse register appears to be predominantly determined by changes in subglottal air pressure.…”

An Exploratory Study of Voice Change Associated With Healthy Speakers After Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation to Laryngeal Muscles

“…Vibratory frequency results from an interplay between vocal fold length, mass, tension, and outgoing airflow rates. [21][22][23][24][25] Both intrinsic and extrinsic muscles can be involved in vocal fold adjustments. Vocal loudness, or SL, is also controlled by an interplay of physical factors that include the degree of glottal resistance imposed by the vocal folds to outgoing airflow, the level of subglottal pressures required to overcome glottal resistance, the velocity of vocal fold closure and changes in the rate of the airflow pulse at closure.…”

Jitter and Shimmer in Sustained Vocal Fry Phonation

“…Laryngoscopic observation through high-speed photography, for example, indicated that fry phonation is often associated with double vibratory patterns and prolonged periods of glottal closure [14], During fry phonation the vocal folds have been shown to be relatively short with no sys tematic changes occurring in length as a func tion of fundamental frequency fe [2], In addi tion a laminagraphic study has shown that the vocal folds were much thicker during fry phonation than during phonation in the chest register with frequent coupling of the false vocal folds contributing to the increase in vibrating mass and thickness [1]. An aerody namic investigation showed, furthermore, that airflow during fry phonation was consid erably smaller than during modal phonations [ 11.…”