“…As immobilization matrixes for laccase‐based biosensors and bioreactors, carbon nanomaterials (Liu et al, 2007), metal nanoparticles (Chen et al, 2015), metal oxides (Chawla et al, 2012), electroconductive polymers (Rahman et al, 2008), and ionic liquids (Franzoi et al, 2009) are successfully used. The peculiarity of nanocomposite materials as carriers for laccase immobilization is their large specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which resulted in improved sensitivity, good selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility of biosensors (Castrovilli et al, 2019; Zerva et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2020). In particular, electrode construction with carbon nanotubes, fullerene (C 60 ), graphene, and other carbon materials to increase surface area and conductivity has been attempted (Dong et al, 2017).…”