A laboratory resuspension chamber to measure fugitive dust size distributions and chemical compositions

Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.; Houck, James E.; Pritchett, Lyle C.; Rogers, C. F.; Frazier, Clifton A.; Egami, Richard T.; Ball, Bridget M.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(94)90005-1

Cited by 154 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although indoor -outdoor PM 2.5 ratios can vary substantially across settings, ratios close to or exceeding 1 have been documented frequently in residences, particularly those with smokers, indoor combustion sources, or human activity ( e.g., Pellizzari et al, 1999;Janssen et al, 2000;Rojas -Bracho et al, 2000;Vette et al, 2001 ). Although resuspension processes largely influence coarse particles, larger particles in the PM 2.5 fraction can also be affected by resuspension ( Chow et al, 1994;Vette et al, 2001 ). PAH concentrations followed generally similar trends as PM 2.5 , with elevated concentrations mostly associated with high -traffic settings or cooking, as documented previously (Chuang et al, 1999;Dubowsky et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in indoor and outdoor microenvironments in Boston, Massachusetts

Levy

Dumyahn

Spengler

2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

115

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Estimating personal exposures to air pollution is a crucial component in identifying high -risk populations and determining efficient control strategies. Because of the difficulty of comprehensively measuring personal exposure, data on air pollution patterns in homogenous microenvironments linked with activity data are often used as surrogates. In this study, we focus on strengthening the available information about nonresidential microenvironmental exposures to particulate matter and other combustion pollutants. During the summer of 2000, we measured ultrafine particles, fine particulate matter ( PM 2.5 ), and particlebound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) outdoors and in indoor microenvironments in Boston, Massachusetts. In indoor microenvironments averaged across sample days, mean ultrafine particle concentrations ranged from 3800 to 140,000 particles / cm 3 , with 7 -200 g / m 3 of PM 2.5 and 5 -12 ng / m 3 of particle -bound PAH. PM 2.5 indoor -outdoor ratios generally exceeded 1 in settings with high levels of human activity, with lower ratios for ultrafine particles. Cooking activities contributed significantly to elevated levels of all three pollutants. Using Linear Mixed Effects models with AR -1 autoregressive correlation structures, 10 -min average outdoor concentrations were generally weak predictors of indoor levels, with stronger relationships in an apartment without mechanical ventilation than in air -conditioned nonresidential settings. Although further study would be needed to determine whether these patterns could be generalized beyond the monitored sites, these data support previous findings and enhance our knowledge about nonresidential exposure patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in indoor and outdoor microenvironments in Boston, Massachusetts

Levy

Dumyahn

Spengler

2002

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

115

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“…Improved methods for particle resuspension have been developed. [378][379][380] Alternatively, particles may be instilled into the lung as a suspension in saline solution. Despite the artifacts introduced by this invasive procedure, instillation studies have been used to investigate combustion particle effects.…”

Section: Controlled Exposure To Concentrated Ambient Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,005

600

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Particulate matter (PM) emissions from stationary combustion sources burning coal, fuel oil, biomass, and waste, and PM from internal combustion (IC) engines burning gasoline and diesel, are a significant source of primary particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in urban areas. Combustion-generated particles are generally smaller than geologically produced dust and have unique chemical composition and morphology. The fundamental processes affecting formation of combustion PM and the emission characteristics of important applications are reviewed. Particles containing transition metals, ultrafine particles, and soot are emphasized because these types of particles have been studied extensively, and their emissions are controlled by the fuel composition and the oxidant-temperature-mixing history from the flame to the stack. There is a need for better integration of the combustion, air pollution control, atmospheric chemistry, and inhalation health research communities. Epidemiology has demonstrated that susceptible individuals are being harmed by ambient PM. Particle surface area, number of ultrafine particles, bioavailable transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other particle-bound organic compounds are suspected to be more important than particle mass in determining the effects of air pollution. Time-and size-resolved PM measurements are needed for testing mechanistic toxicological hypotheses, for characterizing the relationship between combustion operating conditions and transient emissions, and for source apportionment studies to develop air quality plans. Citations are provided to more specialized reviews, and the concluding comments make suggestions for further research.

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“…The powder samples were sieved and suspended in a resuspension chamber or separated by a Bahco centrifugal machine. The sampling methods referred to their relative studies (Chow et al, 1994;Chan et al, 1997Chan et al, , 1999Wilson et al, 2002). A sea salt profile and a biomass burning profile in speciate 4.2 from US EPA were used.…”

Section: Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Study of Primary and Secondary Sources of Carbonaceous Species in PM10 from Five Northern Chinese Cities

Tian

Xiao

Han

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM 10 samples were collected from five northern Chinese cities (Tianjin, Anyang, Ji'nan, Kaifeng and Taiyuan) during the winter and summer months. Carbonaceous species concentrations in the PM 10 samples from these cities were then measured. The concentration values show that PM 10 , organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) exhibited relatively high concentrations during winter months as opposed to the summer months for all five cities. The contributions from primary and secondary sources were estimated using the Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) and the CMB-Iteration models. The results of two models were comparable, and results showed that the coal combustion and crustal dust were the most important source categories for both seasons. Additionally, seasonal variations of species mass fractions in receptors were analyzed, as well as variations in the estimated source percentage contributions. Seasonal variations of species mass fractions agreed with the variations of source percentage contributions for the five cities. Finally, primary organic carbon (POC) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) concentrations, and their seasonal variations, were estimated. We found that SOC showed relatively high concentrations (μg/m 3 ) in the winter, while the SOC/TOC ratios in the summer were higher than those in the winter.

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A laboratory resuspension chamber to measure fugitive dust size distributions and chemical compositions

Cited by 154 publications

References 18 publications

Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in indoor and outdoor microenvironments in Boston, Massachusetts

Particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in indoor and outdoor microenvironments in Boston, Massachusetts

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Seasonal Study of Primary and Secondary Sources of Carbonaceous Species in PM10 from Five Northern Chinese Cities

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