A kinetic approach to the effect of temperature on algal growth1

Goldman, Joel C.; Carpenter, Edward

doi:10.4319/lo.1974.19.5.0756

Cited by 375 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Combining all these optima (doubling rate [day -1] versus optimum T [°C]) EPPLEY (1972) found a modest temperature dependence of about 1.88 per 10°C. GOLDMAN and CARPENTER (1974) found a similar dependence of about 2.08 per 10°C. Given the oceanic range from about-1.5°C to +30°C the optimum growth rate would vary within about one order of magnitude, significant but not enough to be considered a dominant control.…”

Section: Growthsupporting

confidence: 63%

von Liebig's law of the minimum and plankton ecology (1899–1991)

Baar

1994

Progress in Oceanography

236

132

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-The Law of the Minimum was originally formulated by Justus yon Liebig, as one of the 50 interlinked laws concerned with agriculture. The original writings ofJ. von Liebig often were misinterpreted by his successors. BRAt, rOT (1899) took this one law out of its context and proposed that limitation by nitrogen is a dominant factor in plankton ecology, far beyond its original application to agriculture. This was opposed by NAmANSOrn~ (1908) who suggested instead a dynamic balance of growth and loss terms. Towards validating, or eventually falsifying Brandt's hypothesis, Atkins, Harvey, Cooper and others developed the chemical methods necessary for re-defining ocean nutrient cycling and growth limitation. The major exception to these modem perspectives was the Antarctic Paradox of higla nutrients and low chlorophyll which inspired Gran, Atkins, Harvey and Cooper to pioneer the concept of iron limitation. An exhaustive overview is given of efforts to define Fe in seawater and its controlling effect on in situ plankton growth, for the 1920-1984 period. Somewhat parallel work in the laboratory on single species of algae in chelation-controlled mediahas provided much insight, but is sketched only briefly. Martin and contemporaries developed the chemical methods necessary for defming the ocean chemistry of Fe and its role for in situ growth. These developments are sketched for the 1982-1991 period. Once again the Law of the Minimum and associated bold hypotheses served, albeit briefly, to bring a nutrient element in the forefront of research. This, and the recent awareness of CO 2 as rate limiting factor, underline the conclusion that advances in sciences often hinge on advances in technology, confirming Kta-~ (1962). In this case the new analytical techniques developed by Atkins, Harvey, Cooper, Martin and their associates have proven revolutionary for plankton ecology. Some observations in plankton ecology may be reminiscent of the agricultural Law of the Minimum, but this would not warrant its direct application, beyond its original context and agriculture, to plankton ecology. Rather the net rate of increase ofphytoplankton is the dynamic balance of multiple growth and loss terms, together also determining the biomass at given time and space. 347

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Section: Growthsupporting

confidence: 63%

von Liebig's law of the minimum and plankton ecology (1899–1991)

Baar

1994

Progress in Oceanography

236

132

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“…The increased biomass and photosynthetic carbon fixation in this experimental community under elevated pCO 2 is due to the community shift to Phaeocystis spp. The increased biomass in the high-temperature treatment (where microzooplank- ton biomass remained stable between T17 and T36, though lower than the control) may be attributed to enhanced enzymatic activities, since algal growth commonly increases with temperature until after an optimal range (Boyd et al, 2013;Goldman and Carpenter, 1974;Savage et al, 2004). Optimum growth temperatures for marine phytoplankton are often several degrees higher than environmental temperatures (Eppley, 1972;Thomas et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature were investigated during an experimentally induced autumn phytoplankton bloom in vitro sampled from the western English Channel (WEC). A full factorial 36-day microcosm experiment was conducted under year 2100 predicted temperature (+4.5 ∘C) and pCO2 levels (800 µatm). Over the experimental period total phytoplankton biomass was significantly influenced by elevated pCO2. At the end of the experiment, biomass increased 6.5-fold under elevated pCO2 and 4.6-fold under elevated temperature relative to the ambient control. By contrast, the combined influence of elevated pCO2 and temperature had little effect on biomass relative to the control. Throughout the experiment in all treatments and in the control, the phytoplankton community structure shifted from dinoflagellates to nanophytoplankton . At the end of the experiment, under elevated pCO2 nanophytoplankton contributed 90 % of community biomass and was dominated by Phaeocystis spp. Under elevated temperature, nanophytoplankton comprised 85 % of the community biomass and was dominated by smaller nanoflagellates. In the control, larger nanoflagellates dominated whilst the smallest nanophytoplankton contribution was observed under combined elevated pCO2 and temperature (∼ 40 %). Under elevated pCO2, temperature and in the control there was a significant decrease in dinoflagellate biomass. Under the combined effects of elevated pCO2 and temperature, dinoflagellate biomass increased and was dominated by the harmful algal bloom (HAB) species, Prorocentrum cordatum. At the end of the experiment, chlorophyll a (Chl a) normalised maximum photosynthetic rates (PmB) increased > 6-fold under elevated pCO2 and > 3-fold under elevated temperature while no effect on PmB was observed when pCO2 and temperature were elevated simultaneously. The results suggest that future increases in temperature and pCO2 simultaneously do not appear to influence coastal phytoplankton productivity but significantly influence community composition during autumn in the WEC.

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“…Measuring activity in terms of growth rate is also advantageous because temperature places a predictable upper limit on the growth rates of organisms (Eppley 1972;Goldman and Carpenter 1974). With a temperature conversion, it is possible to compare observed growth rates with potential growth rates that could be expected under ideal conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient limitation of bacterioplankton growth in Lake Dillon, Colorado

1992

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Bacterioplankton biomass, production, and growth rate were measured over a 2-yr period in Lake Dillon, a mesotrophic Colorado reservoir. In addition, a multivariate statistical analysis and nutrient addition experiments were used to analyze the regulation of bacterioplankton growth in situ. Biomass ranged between 170 (winter) and 2,200 mg C m-* (summer); production ranged from 10 (winter) to 625 mg C m-* d-* (summer); annual bacterioplankton production was 47 g C m-2 yr-l in 1987 and 67 in 1988. Population growth rates ranged between 0.001 and 0.08 1 h I. Growth rates in the epilimnion were substantially below estimated potential rates, suggesting severe nutrient limitation during the period of stratification. Population growth rates were highly correlated with P concentrations but not with dissolved organic C concentrations. Bacterioplankton growth in the summer epilimnion responded strongly to the addition of P alone or in combination with N or labile organic C. The field data show that bacterioplankton arc frequently without suflicient nutrients to sustain maximum growth; the experimental and statistical analysts indicate that P, rather than organic C, is the critical nutrient for bacterioplankton growth in this lake.

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A kinetic approach to the effect of temperature on algal growth1

Cited by 375 publications

References 25 publications

von Liebig's law of the minimum and plankton ecology (1899–1991)

von Liebig's law of the minimum and plankton ecology (1899–1991)

Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel

Nutrient limitation of bacterioplankton growth in Lake Dillon, Colorado

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A kinetic approach to the effect of temperature on algal growth1

Cited by 375 publications

References 25 publications

von Liebig's law of the minimum and plankton ecology (1899–1991)

von Liebig's law of the minimum and plankton ecology (1899–1991)

Effects of elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel

Nutrient limitation of bacterioplankton growth in Lake Dillon, Colorado

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Effects of elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature on phytoplankton community biomass, species composition and photosynthesis during an experimentally induced autumn bloom in the western English Channel