“…A number of initial themes emerged from common arguments that are used to describe similar phenomena. For example, "access" is a theme found to be intrinsic to the social equity issue and derived herein from the argumentation underpinning phenomena such as "access to urban green space" [50] and "access to affordable housing" [51,52]. In the second phase, by reading the full text of each article in a careful manner [53], the authors reviewed the themes and arguments and then added them with the relevant sources to each issue in table form.…”
Section: Content Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All in all, we highlight eight arguments in Table 3 that can consolidate PPP as part of the future city's social foundation. [63,70] Under the theme of access, some researchers identify the need for the PPP to make green space more available for resident's irrespective of their class status [50]. Other authors suggest increasing the affordability of social housing [51,52].…”
Section: Social Equitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the reviewed literature, most researchers argue that neoliberal policies do not resonate well with policies of social equity (as described in Table 3) but are often implemented by inciting fear and anxiety among poor and affluent residents alike. Olsson et al [50] (p. 311) gives one reason why this can come about: This anxiety is not just expressed as fear for increased costs, but also as a long lasting emotional experience caused by having your belongings destroyed and enduring longlasting renovations.…”
Section: Social Equitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Together, the authors of these articles argue that if the PPP listens to the political voice of residents and local communities, it will benefit their housing development and make it more socially sustainable. Give residents a louder voice [50] Guarantee inclusion of all concerned citizens [51,55] Promote citizen led initiatives [56] Looking through the analytical lens used here, it is obvious that political voice often pertains to the establishment of structures that engender a culture of resident participation [50,59,69], as well as constitutes the basis for possible joint collaborative initiatives between residents and the PPP [50,59,68]. An example from Sweden shows how diverse and inclusive a participatory structure can be in terms of stakeholder involvement Olsson et al [50] (p. 310): Some of these structures concern interactions between different property owners, for example the BID [Business Improvement District] and local divisions of the Swedish Union of Tenant Association, as well as between property owners and their tenants.…”
Section: Political Voicementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This implies that the PPP shares power with [51,70], and includes the needs of, marginalized residents vis a vis the housing association [50,62,64]. Berglund-Snodgrass et al [67] (p. 877) even go as far as to argue for the inclusion of social services and marginalized residents:…”
Today cities face the increasing negative consequences of the unsustainable course society is set on. Climate change, biodiversity loss and increasing spatial segregation are testament to this. The effects of these issues often exceed the coping capacity of individual urban housing developers. Thus, an antidote to the current neoliberal trend must be found in collaborations such as public-private partnerships (PPP). Here the shortcomings and limitations of PPP and its potential ability to solve the problem of unsustainable urban development are investigated. Using the Doughnut Economics (DE) model as a general guide, a systematic literature review is conducted. The results reveal evidence that PPPs are unjust and exclude local actors from collaborations. Hence, resident participation and inclusion is considered the best strategy for PPP to evolve as a future guarantor of the sustainable city. First, however, major differences in the character of issues that connect the global model of sustainability to the harsh reality of the local context need to be addressed. This gap concerns the city’s social foundation and ecological ceiling. The DE model applied herein is an excellent tool to test the scope and depth of local collaborations such as PPPs and reflect on international treaties such as SDGs.
“…A number of initial themes emerged from common arguments that are used to describe similar phenomena. For example, "access" is a theme found to be intrinsic to the social equity issue and derived herein from the argumentation underpinning phenomena such as "access to urban green space" [50] and "access to affordable housing" [51,52]. In the second phase, by reading the full text of each article in a careful manner [53], the authors reviewed the themes and arguments and then added them with the relevant sources to each issue in table form.…”
Section: Content Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…All in all, we highlight eight arguments in Table 3 that can consolidate PPP as part of the future city's social foundation. [63,70] Under the theme of access, some researchers identify the need for the PPP to make green space more available for resident's irrespective of their class status [50]. Other authors suggest increasing the affordability of social housing [51,52].…”
Section: Social Equitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the reviewed literature, most researchers argue that neoliberal policies do not resonate well with policies of social equity (as described in Table 3) but are often implemented by inciting fear and anxiety among poor and affluent residents alike. Olsson et al [50] (p. 311) gives one reason why this can come about: This anxiety is not just expressed as fear for increased costs, but also as a long lasting emotional experience caused by having your belongings destroyed and enduring longlasting renovations.…”
Section: Social Equitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Together, the authors of these articles argue that if the PPP listens to the political voice of residents and local communities, it will benefit their housing development and make it more socially sustainable. Give residents a louder voice [50] Guarantee inclusion of all concerned citizens [51,55] Promote citizen led initiatives [56] Looking through the analytical lens used here, it is obvious that political voice often pertains to the establishment of structures that engender a culture of resident participation [50,59,69], as well as constitutes the basis for possible joint collaborative initiatives between residents and the PPP [50,59,68]. An example from Sweden shows how diverse and inclusive a participatory structure can be in terms of stakeholder involvement Olsson et al [50] (p. 310): Some of these structures concern interactions between different property owners, for example the BID [Business Improvement District] and local divisions of the Swedish Union of Tenant Association, as well as between property owners and their tenants.…”
Section: Political Voicementioning
confidence: 99%
“…This implies that the PPP shares power with [51,70], and includes the needs of, marginalized residents vis a vis the housing association [50,62,64]. Berglund-Snodgrass et al [67] (p. 877) even go as far as to argue for the inclusion of social services and marginalized residents:…”
Today cities face the increasing negative consequences of the unsustainable course society is set on. Climate change, biodiversity loss and increasing spatial segregation are testament to this. The effects of these issues often exceed the coping capacity of individual urban housing developers. Thus, an antidote to the current neoliberal trend must be found in collaborations such as public-private partnerships (PPP). Here the shortcomings and limitations of PPP and its potential ability to solve the problem of unsustainable urban development are investigated. Using the Doughnut Economics (DE) model as a general guide, a systematic literature review is conducted. The results reveal evidence that PPPs are unjust and exclude local actors from collaborations. Hence, resident participation and inclusion is considered the best strategy for PPP to evolve as a future guarantor of the sustainable city. First, however, major differences in the character of issues that connect the global model of sustainability to the harsh reality of the local context need to be addressed. This gap concerns the city’s social foundation and ecological ceiling. The DE model applied herein is an excellent tool to test the scope and depth of local collaborations such as PPPs and reflect on international treaties such as SDGs.
The decommissioning of offshore platforms has been increasingly discussed due to its economic, social, and environmental impacts. The high complexity of this multilevel context pushes for the adoption of a service ecosystem view to explore the value propositions and actors' relations involved in resource exchanges. This study follows a mixed-method approach based on semistructured interviews conducted with oil and gas stakeholders and content analysis of the secondary data collected.The results highlight the ecosystem elements and identify the main drivers for sustainable growth in the process of the reconversion of oil and gas assets. A "meta" level is theorized to investigate how the actors' purposes can be harmonized with an ecosystem's goal to encourage the diffusion of a sustainable-oriented culture in the context of offshore decommissioning. In this sense, the study provides several insights for researchers and professionals in both the local and national governance field and the oil and gas industry.
Significant StatementClimate change and an increasing urbanisation create pressure on cities in terms of extreme weather events, deteriorated public health and wellbeing and a loss of biodiversity. Urban green spaces, such as parks and street trees, can help to reduce vulnerability and improve living conditions. Planning tools can support decisions on where, what and how much urban green space to save or implement. If used appropriately, planning tools can capture citizens’ needs and foster a more just planning and implementation of urban green spaces. This demands knowledge about the tools, their efficiency and appropriate application, as well as knowledge about the ecosystem and human needs. It also demands adequate technical, time and economic resources, as well as organisational and communication structures that can include citizens in the planning process.
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