“…Among them, the most typical structure for on-chip jitter measurement is based on the time-to-digital converter (TDC). There are different kinds of TDCs often used, including those that are based on the adjustable delay line [1], [2], the tapped delay line (TDL) [3], the vernier delay line (VDL) [4], [5], the component invariant VDL [6], [18], [22], the vernier ring oscillator (VRO) [8], [9], the time-to-voltage converter (TVC) [14], [20].…”