Delivering real-time surveillance services to handheld devices over the Internet is an interesting application in the mobile environment. Developing such system needs tackle considerable design challenges including device downsides, platform heterogeneity and bandwidth limitation. In this paper, we present a Java-based approach for developing a mobile surveillance system which supports PDA users to overcome the challenges. This approach applies the emerging Java technologies including J2ME, RMI, and JMF for mobile computing, handheld devices, distributed computing, and multimedia computing. To achieve the thin-client goal in the post-PC era, a textual-based application-level communication protocol is also designed. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our design approach via actual experimentations on Palm PDA. With the advent of J2ME standardization, our system is expected to be generically applicable to various handheld and mobile devices.