A Hybrid Electrooptic Microring Resonator-Based $1 \times 4\times 1$ ROADM for Wafer Scale Optical Interconnects

Takayesu, Jocelyn; Hochberg, Michael; Baehr‐Jones, Tom; Chan, Eric Y.; Wang, Guangxi; Sullivan, Philip A.; Liao, Yi; Davies, Joshua A.; Dalton, Larry R.; Scherer, Axel; Krug, W.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2008.927776

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The measured in-device EO coefficient and the measured poling efficiencie are far lower than values reported in parallel-plate poled bulk reference samples, where maximum electro-optic coefficient of r 33,max = 118 pm/V and poling efficiencie of r 33 /E poling = 1.27 nm 2 /V 2 were achieved [17]. These finding are thus in good agreement with finding in other publications where poling of similar guest-host materials in SOH devices was found to be inefficien [11], [12], [16], [18]- [20].…”

Section: A Guest-host Systemsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…So far, the most commonly used cladding materials for SOH integration are polymers doped by EO chromophore molecules [11], [16]. While these guest-host materials have shown EO coefficient as high as 118 pm/V in bulk material [17], values measured in SOH devices were much smaller, ranging from 20 to 60 pm/V [11], [16], [12], [18]- [20]. This has significantl limited the performance of SOH electro-optic modulators up to now.…”

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confidence: 99%

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High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

Palmer

Koeber

Elder

et al. 2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

138

133

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Abstract-We report on the hybrid integration of silicon-oninsulator slot waveguides with organic electro-optic materials. We investigate and compare a polymer composite, a dendron-based material, and a binary-chromophore organic glass (BCOG). A record-high in-device electro-optic coefficient of 230 pm/V is found for the BCOG approach resulting in silicon-organic hybrid MachZehnder modulators that feature low U π L-products of down to 0.52 Vmm and support data rates of up to 40 Gbit/s.

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Section: A Guest-host Systemsupporting

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

Palmer

Koeber

Elder

et al. 2014

J. Lightwave Technol.

138

133

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“…Thermo-optic tuning of ring resonators has shown large wavelength shift with low optical loss [10], but high power consumption and thermal cross-talk between neighboring devices hamper its applicability in densely integrated optical interconnects [11]. Integration of electro-optic materials with low static power dissipation have so far shown low tuning effects, high driving voltages, and optical interference due to fabrication complexity [12]. Table 1 summarizes reported performance of tunable ring resonator add-drop filters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High power dissipation is also an issue for carrier injection tuning [9], combined with carrier absorption, that results in a three times larger BW. Among the low-power devices, the integration of electro-optic materials [12] requires complex fabrication, resulting in a three times larger BW, due to scattering losses. The high driving voltage up to 600 V resulted in a tuning rate that is 50 times lower than in our device, while having a comparable tuning range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-power microelectromechanically tunable silicon photonic ring resonator add-drop filter

et al. 2015

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We experimentally demonstrate a microelectromechanically (MEMS) tunable photonic ring resonator add-drop filter, fabricated in a simple silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based process. The device uses electrostatic parallel plate actuation to perturb the evanescent field of a silicon waveguide, and achieves a 530 pm resonance wavelength tuning, i.e., more than a fourfold improvement compared to previous MEMS tunable ring resonator add-drop filters. Moreover, our device has a static power consumption below 100 nW, and a tuning rate of −62 pm∕V, i.e., the highest reported rate for electrostatic tuning of ring resonator add-drop filters. Ring resonators are key components of silicon photonics due to their small footprint and ability to filter and route narrowband signals. The rings show standing wave resonances when the optical path length of the ring waveguide is a multiple of the excitation wavelength. Thus, by changing the optical length of the ring, e.g., by perturbing the effective refractive index of the waveguide mode, one can tune the resonance wavelength. [7], and tunable lasers [8]. Most of these applications require densely packed high-Q rings that are able to add and drop down to 50 GHz channels, with wavelength tuning spanning a number of channels. Moreover, such applications require ring resonators with independent tuning, i.e., low cross-talk between adjacent devices.Ring resonators tuned by free-carrier injection have achieved high-speed tuning [9]. However, free-carrier absorption results in high optical loss and short wavelength shift, which limits their usefulness for add-drop applications. Thermo-optic tuning of ring resonators has shown large wavelength shift with low optical loss [10], but high power consumption and thermal cross-talk between neighboring devices hamper its applicability in densely integrated optical interconnects [11]. Integration of electro-optic materials with low static power dissipation have so far shown low tuning effects, high driving voltages, and optical interference due to fabrication complexity [12]. Table 1 summarizes reported performance of tunable ring resonator add-drop filters.MEMS tunable ring resonators are good candidates for wavelength selection in optical networks due to their low static power dissipation and high optical Q. Such filters have already shown low-power wavelength tuning [14], but since the tuning mechanism was based on deflecting a deposited cantilever on Fig. 1. Most applications of tunable add-drop filters require a large number of densely packed devices with low cross-talk. Here, we demonstrate a low-power MEMS tunable add-drop filter fabricated by a simple SOI-based process. Parallel plate actuation of a free-standing cantilever that contains the ring resonator waveguide changes the waveguide geometry. This affects the effective refractive index of the resonant optical mode, resulting in a shift of resonance wavelength.

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“…By actively tuning the resonance wavelength, tunable wavelength filters, modulators and switches can be created. Mechanisms for resonator tuning have been widely researched and proposed mechanisms include electro-optic tuning [2,3], thermo-optic tuning [4][5][6], as well as exploiting the Kerr-effect [7,8] and plasma dispersion. Plasma dispersion, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Picosecond optically reconfigurable filters exploiting full free spectral range tuning of single ring and Vernier effect resonators

Bruck¹,

Mills²,

Thomson³

et al. 2015

Opt. Express

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Abstract:We demonstrate that phase shifts larger than 2π can be induced by all-optical tuning in silicon waveguides of a few micrometers in length. By generating high concentrations of free carriers in the silicon employing absorption of ultrashort, ultraviolet laser pulses, the refractive index of silicon can be drastically reduced. As a result, the resonance wavelength of optical resonators can be freely tuned over the full free spectral range. This allows for active integrated optic devices that can be switched with GHz frequencies into any desired state by all-optical means.

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A Hybrid Electrooptic Microring Resonator-Based $1 \times 4\times 1$ ROADM for Wafer Scale Optical Interconnects

Abstract: 1 ROADM has a footprint of less than 1 mm 2 and has been shown to reconfigure in less than a microsecond.

Cited by 45 publications

References 28 publications

High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

High-Speed, Low Drive-Voltage Silicon-Organic Hybrid Modulator Based on a Binary-Chromophore Electro-Optic Material

Low-power microelectromechanically tunable silicon photonic ring resonator add-drop filter

Picosecond optically reconfigurable filters exploiting full free spectral range tuning of single ring and Vernier effect resonators

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