Summary:of donor origin are detectable, or as mixed chimeras if a mixture of both donor and recipient origin cells are found after BMT. With the use of increasingly sensitive techFifty-eight samples of bone marrow (31), whole peripheral blood (8) and separated fractions of circulating niques, mixed chimerism is frequently observed after allogeneic BMT. [2][3][4][5][6] Several factors related to transplant promononuclear (11) and polymorphonuclear (8) cells from 18 male patients, transplanted for hematological discedures (type of donor, conditioning regimens, T cell depletion, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis) eases from related (14) or unrelated (4) female donors were analyzed for chimerism at subsequent intervals and patient features (underlying disease, age) have been shown to be associated with an increase in mixed chimer-(range, 1-72 months) following bone marrow transplantation, by means of PCR amplification of the Y-chromism (MC) after sibling BMT. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Residual male cells were shown to persist in patients grafted with T cell non-depleted osome-specific DYS14 sequence, revealed by a radiolabelled hybridization probe (dot blot technique, 0.01% marrow from an HLA-identical female donor, when clinical and hematological conditions indicated a complete sensitivity). Detection of male cells was positive in all but two of 52 samples collected within the third year engraftment and the absence of recurrent disease. 4,5,13 The need to extend the analysis of MC following BMT to a after transplantation and negative in six samples collected from three patients after the third year. In the larger series of prospectively evaluated patients with adequate follow-up, prompted us to investigate the persistfirst year after transplantation, mixed chimerism was found in all patients, apparently with no correlation ence of residual recipient cells in a series of pediatric male patients grafted from a female donor. Our findings on seriwith graft-versus-host disease. Comparable results were found in fractions of mononuclear and polymorphoally collected samples from patients in long-term continuous complete remission (CCR) establish the kinetics of the nuclear cells, when analyzed separately. The persistence of very low levels of recipient cells in patients in conresidual recipient cells, with no apparent correlation with post-transplant events. tinuous complete remission until the third year after transplantation, suggests the persistence of normal host hemopoiesis for a long period of time after the so-called myeloablative regimen. The progressive negativization, Patients and methods occurring in our patients between the second and the fourth year after transplantation, could signify the disPatients appearance of residual host hemopoiesis or its decrease to below the detection level of this highly sensitive Eighteen male patients who received a marrow graft from familial (14) or unrelated (four) female donor at the Pedimethod. Keywords: chimerism; bone marrow transplantation; dot atric Department of ...