A host-specific toxin of<b><i>Rhizoctonia solani</i></b>triggers superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rice

Paranidharan, V.; Palaniswami, A.; Vidhyasekaran, P.; Velazhahan, R.

doi:10.1080/03235400500094159

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Peroxidase TSA1 (CL_SSH18) and TSA3 are transcriptionally induced when C. neoformans is exposed to hydrogen peroxide, and the tsa1 mutant of cryptococcosis is significantly less virulent than the wild type, showing peroxidase is required for virulence and resistance to nitric oxide and peroxide in Cryptococcus neoformans . Superoxide dismutase (CL_SSH27) is conventionally seen as active oxygen scavenger , thus the up‐regulated expression of the gene can protect pathogen cells from damage due to ROS accumulation during the interaction of pathogen‐resistant host plant . Zinc finger transcription factor ace1 (CL_SSH76) binds to the promoter of the cbh1 gene eocoding Cellobiohydrolase I (cellulase) and activates its transcription .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding resistant germplasm-induced virulence variation through analysis of proteomics and suppression subtractive hybridization in a maize pathogenCurvularia lunata

Gao

Liu

et al. 2012

Proteomics

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Curvularia lunata is an important pathogen causing Curvularia leaf spot in maize. Significant pathogenic variation has been found in C. lunata. To better understand the mechanism of this phenomenon, we consecutively put the selective pressures of resistant maize population on C. lunata strain WS18 (low virulence) artificially. As a result, the virulence of this strain was significantly enhanced. Using 2DE, 12 up-regulated and four down-regulated proteins were identified in virulence-increased strain compared to WS18. Our analysis revealed that melanin synthesis-related proteins (Brn1, Brn2, and scytalone dehydratase) and stress tolerance-related proteins (HSP 70) directly involved in the potential virulence growth as crucial markers or factors in C. lunata. To validate 2DE results and screen differential genes at mRNA level, we constructed a subtracted cDNA library (tester: virulence-increased strain; driver: WS18). A total of 188 unigenes were obtained this way, of which 14 were indicators for the evolution of pathogen virulence. Brn1 and hsp genes exhibited similar expression patterns corresponding to proteins detected by 2DE. Overall, our results indicated that differential proteins or genes, being involved with melanin synthesis or tolerance response to stress, could be considered as hallmarks of virulence increase in C. lunata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding resistant germplasm-induced virulence variation through analysis of proteomics and suppression subtractive hybridization in a maize pathogenCurvularia lunata

Gao

Liu

et al. 2012

Proteomics

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“…HSTs from R. solani could increase the virulence of the pathogen (e.g., HC-toxin on maize) (Brooks, 2007 ), and were often pathogenicity determinants required for a pathogen to incite disease (reviewed in Wolpert et al, 2002 ). For example, significantly increased five new superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were detected in plant under treatment of rice leaf sheaths with R. solani -toxin, which eliminated the antifungal oxidative burst (Paranidharan et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Phytotoxins Phytoalexins and Special Smsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites in fungus-plant interactions

2015

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Fungi and plants are rich sources of thousands of secondary metabolites. The genetically coded possibilities for secondary metabolite production, the stimuli of the production, and the special phytotoxins basically determine the microscopic fungi-host plant interactions and the pathogenic lifestyle of fungi. The review introduces plant secondary metabolites usually with antifungal effect as well as the importance of signaling molecules in induced systemic resistance and systemic acquired resistance processes. The review also concerns the mimicking of plant effector molecules like auxins, gibberellins and abscisic acid by fungal secondary metabolites that modulate plant growth or even can subvert the plant defense responses such as programmed cell death to gain nutrients for fungal growth and colonization. It also looks through the special secondary metabolite production and host selective toxins of some significant fungal pathogens and the plant response in form of phytoalexin production. New results coming from genome and transcriptional analyses in context of selected fungal pathogens and their hosts are also discussed.

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“…In addition, higher SOD activity was measured in Botrytis cinerea infected tomato leaves [ 78 ]. Paranidharan et al [ 79 ] stated that the SOD activity was higher in rice plants due to the Rhizoctonia solani infection. The negative effects of phytopathogens on the POD activity of host plants are also well documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Phytohormones as Biostimulants in Corn Smut Infected Hungarian Sweet and Fodder Corn Hybrids

Szőke

Moloi

Kovács

et al. 2021

Plants

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The main goal of this research was to investigate the effects of corn smut (Ustilago maydis DC. Corda) infection on the morphological (plant height, and stem diameter), and biochemical parameters of Zea mays L. plants. The biochemical parameters included changes in the relative chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), and photosynthesis pigments’ contents, as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes—ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The second aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of phytohormones (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, and ethylene) on corn smut-infected plants. The parameters were measured 7 and 11 days after corn smut infection (DACSI). Two hybrids were grown in a greenhouse, one fodder (Armagnac) and one a sweet corn (Desszert 73). The relative and the absolute amount of photosynthetic pigments were significantly lower in the infected plants in both hybrids 11 DACSI. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes and MDA content were higher in both infected hybrids. Auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin application diminished the negative effects of the corn smut infection (CSI) in the sweet corn hybrid. Phytohormones i.e., auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin can be a new method in protection against corn smut.

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A host-specific toxin ofRhizoctonia solanitriggers superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in rice

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Understanding resistant germplasm-induced virulence variation through analysis of proteomics and suppression subtractive hybridization in a maize pathogenCurvularia lunata

Understanding resistant germplasm-induced virulence variation through analysis of proteomics and suppression subtractive hybridization in a maize pathogenCurvularia lunata

Secondary metabolites in fungus-plant interactions

The Application of Phytohormones as Biostimulants in Corn Smut Infected Hungarian Sweet and Fodder Corn Hybrids

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