A hospital response to a soccer stadium stampede in Zimbabwe

Madzimbamuto, Farai

doi:10.1136/emj.20.6.556

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…HS can be described with basic physics principles that create pockets of motion under 3 circumstances. Most commonly HSs occur at recreational events 4,15 (music 16 , sport 17 , shopping, shows, festivals 18 ), religious events, 3,19,20 and also in a rush-reactive events 21,22 (rallies, wars, and disasters). In all circumstances, there are shared basic principles of physics variables that relate to the nature of the unit mass, which in this case is the human body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Dimensional Analysis in the X-, Y-, and Z-Axis to Predict Occurrence of Injury in Human Stampede

Alhadhira

Molloy

Casasola

et al. 2019

Disaster med. public health prep.

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Background:Human stampedes (HS) may result in mass casualty incidents (MCI) that arise due to complex interactions between individuals, collective crowd, and space, which have yet to be described from a physics perspective. HS events were analyzed using basic physics principles to better understand the dynamic kinetic variables that give rise to HS.Methods:A literature review was performed of medical and nonmedical sourced databases, Library of Congress databases, and online sources for the term human stampedes resulting in 25,123 references. Filters were applied to exclude nonhuman events. Retrieved references were reviewed for a predefined list of physics terms. Data collection involved recording frequency of each phrase and physics principle to give the final proportions of each predefined principle used a single-entry method for each of the 105 event reports analyzed. Data analysis was performed using the R statistics packages “tidyverse”, “psych”, “lubridate”, and “Hmisc” with descriptive statistics used to describe the frequency of each observed variable.Results:Of the 105 reports of HS resulting in injury or death reviewed, the following frequency of terms were found: density change in a limited capacity, 45%; XY-axis motion failure, 100%; loss of proxemics, 100%; deceleration with average velocity of zero, 90%; Z-axis displacement pathology (falls), 92%; associated structure with nozzle effect, 93%; and matched fluid dynamic of high pressure stagnation of mass gathering, 100%.Conclusions:Description or reference to principles of physics was seen in differing frequency in 105 reports. These include XY-axis motion failure of deceleration that leads to loss of human to human proxemics, and high stagnation pressure resulting in the Z-axis displacement effect (falls) causing injury and death. Real-time video-analysis monitoring of high capacity events or those with known nozzle effects for loss of proxemics and Z-axis displacement pathology offers the opportunity to prevent mortality from human stampedes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Dimensional Analysis in the X-, Y-, and Z-Axis to Predict Occurrence of Injury in Human Stampede

Alhadhira

Molloy

Casasola

et al. 2019

Disaster med. public health prep.

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“…The police responded by using tear gas. In the ensuing stampede, thirteen people died and many were injured (Madzimbamuto, 2003). The following year Africa witnessed its worst sporting disasters.…”

Section: In the Edited Volume Fighting Fans: Football Hooliganism As mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Football Hooliganism : A comparison of Six Western European Football Clubs

Spaaij¹

2006

104

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“…Since 1970, only 8 human stampedes have been described in detail in the peer-reviewed literature (Table 3), the majority of which took place in the United Kingdom or the United States (5 of 8). [2][3][4]9,20,26,27,38,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47] More than half of the stampedes reported (5 of 8) were in the setting of sporting events, notably soccer games. Other mass gatherings such as concerts and religious occasions were associated with the other stampedes (3 of 7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%