“…It is also affected by individual factors such as their health care providers' beliefs and attitudes (Lin et al, 2011;Resnick, 2003a), encouragement by health care staff (Sims, Kerse, Naccarella, & Long, 2000), special motivation requirements (Resnick, 2003a), accessibility of resources (Gallant & Dorn, 2001;Tishler, McCarthy, Rind, & Hamel, 2000), their number of chronic illnesses, and their mental, physical, and cognitive states (Gallant & Dorn, 2001;Resnick, 2003a;Resnick & Spellbring, 2000). In addition to individual factors, other factors that influence older adults' participation in health-promoting activities include models and approaches to care (Berg, Hedelin, & Sarvimäki, 2005;Resnick, 2003b), health expenses (Lucas, Orshan, & Cook, 2000), deficiencies in procedures and processes (Resnick, 2003a), shortages of staff and social exclusion (Toofany, 2008), and nurses' consideration of care and practices from solely the medical perspective (Berg et al, 2005).…”