A historical review on vector distribution and epidemiology of human and animal leishmanioses in Eastern Europe

Mihalca, Andrei Daniel; Cazan, Cristina Daniela; Șuleșco, Tatiana; Dumitrache, MO

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.018

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Among some of the major CVBD agents that can infect dogs are the nematode Dirofilaria immitis , bacteria such as Ehrlichia canis , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum , and the protozoan Leishmania infantum [ 3 ]. Evidence of northward and eastward expansion of L. infantum in non-endemic areas of Europe has been recorded, including in Romania [ 4 ]. In 2014, after 80 years with no data, a case of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) was described in Romania, raising the need for updates on the disease in the country [ 5 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA and antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Ehrlichia canis in a dog kennel in South-Central Romania

et al. 2020

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Canine vector-borne diseases are caused by pathogens transmitted by arthropods including ticks, mosquitoes and sand flies. Many canine vector-borne diseases are of zoonotic importance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vector-borne infections caused by Dirofilaria immitis , Ehrlichia canis , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma spp. and Leishmania infantum in a dog kennel in Argeș County, Romania. Dog kennels are shelters for stray dogs with no officially registered owners that are gathered to be neutered and/or boarded for national/international adoptions by various public or private organizations. The international dog adoptions might represent a risk in the transmission of pathogens into new regions. In this context, a total number of 149 blood samples and 149 conjunctival swabs from asymptomatic kennel dogs were assessed using serology and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Antibodies against B. burgdorferi s.l. were detected in one dog (0.6%), anti- Anaplasma antibodies were found in five dogs (3.3%), while ten dogs (6.7%) tested positive for D. immitis antigen. Overall, 20.1% (30/149) of dogs were positive for L. infantum DNA. All samples were seronegative for anti- Leishmania antibodies. When adopting dogs from this region of Romania, owners should be aware of possible infection with especially L. infantum . The travel of infected dogs may introduce the infection to areas where leishmaniasis is not present.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA and antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Ehrlichia canis in a dog kennel in South-Central Romania

et al. 2020

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“… 9,11,13,17 It happens when the dam is infected with the protozoan during pregnancy, and transmission to the fetus occurs via the placenta. This patient’s dam came from a geographic region known to be endemic for canine leishmaniasis 18,19 . A recent study involving 170 dogs revealed a 10.6% seroprevalence of L infantum antibodies in the northern part of Serbia 20 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This patient's dam came from a geographic region known to be endemic for canine leishmaniasis. 18,19 A recent study involving 170 dogs revealed a 10.6% seroprevalence of L infantum antibodies in the northern part of Serbia. 20 In another large recent retrospective study, L infantum represented the most common vector-borne pathogen in dogs imported from southeastern Europe and the Mediterranean region, with 21% of dogs testing positive.…”

Section: Vertical Transmission Is Described As the Main If Not Onlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine leishmaniasis in Northern California—A case report

Alonso

Vasilatis

Veluvolu

et al. 2021

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 3-year-old male castrated Boxer was referred to the University of California-Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital to further evaluate episodes of epistaxis of 1-year duration. The dog was adopted at approximately 6 months of age in the northern region of California (Petaluma, CA) and had no travel history outside of this region. Additional clinical history included urinary incontinence, resolved chronic pancreatitis, and waxing and waning allergic dermatitis, which was considered most likely seasonal. According to anamnesis, the only instituted therapy was cetirizine hydrochloride. Upon physical examination, moderate bilateral mandibular and superficial cervical lymphadenomegaly (up to 3.5 cm) was noted. There was alopecia with erythema and mild lichenification along the distal limbs, but no other overt clinical abnormalities were observed. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal cavity revealed mild generalized abdominal lymphadenopathy and hypoechoic hepatomegaly. The thoracic radiographic examination was unremarkable. A CBC (ADVIA 120 automated analyzer, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Munich, Germany) revealed microcytic (MCV = 60 fL, RI 65-75) normochromic nonregenerative (19 500 reticulocytes/ µL, RI 7000-65 000) moderate anemia (PCV = 29%, RI 40-55) and moderate lymphopenia (438 cells/µL, RI 1000-4000). On serum biochemistry (Cobas 6000 C501 analyzer, Roche, Basel, Switzerland), marked hyperglobulinemia (10.9 g/dL, RI 1.7-3.1), moderate hypoalbuminemia (2.1 g/dL, RI 3.4-4.3), and mild hypocholesterolemia (129 mg/dL, IR 139-353) were noted. Protein electrophoresis revealed a broad-based peak bridging the beta and gamma globulin regions, indicating a polyclonal gammopathy for which the presence

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“…However, expansion of sand ies due to climatic and environmental changes into regions where they were not previously established is expected (Medlock et al, 2014), posing a risk of Leishmania introduction into non-endemic areas (Tánczos et al, 2012). Recently, permanent sand y populations were recorded in several countries north of their traditional distribution (Poeppl et al, 2013, Oerther et al, 2020 and knowledge of sand y fauna in long-time understudied regions of Balkan countries (Dvorak et al, 2020b) and Romania (Cazan et al, 2019) was signi cantly updated, further demonstrating the importance of entomological eld research at the edge of their occurrence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moldova is considered a country non-endemic for leishmaniasis, there are no records of autochthonous human or canine cases (Mihalca et al, 2019). In the past, presence of three Phlebotomus species was reported in Moldova: P. papatasi (Scopoli), P. per liewi Parrot and P. chinensis Newstead (Petrishcheva, 1962, Petrishcheva, 1967.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phlebotomine Sand Fly Survey in the Republic of Moldova: Species Composition, Distribution and Host Preferences

Șuleșco

Kasap

Halada

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodiae) in the Republic of Moldova have been understudied for decades. Our study provides a first update on their occurrence, species composition and bloodmeal sources after fifty years.Methods: During 5 seasons (2013-2017), 58 localities from 20 regions were surveyed for presence of sand flies using CDC light traps and manual aspirators. Species identification was done by a combination of morphological and molecular approaches (DNA barcoding, MALDI-TOF MS protein profiling). In engorged females, host blood was identified by three molecular techniques (RFLP, cytb sequencing and MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping). Population structure of most abundant species was studied by cox1 haplotyping, phylogenetic analyses of ITS2 and cox1 genetic markers were used to resolve relationships of other detected species.Results: In total, 780 sand flies were collected at 30 (51.7%) localities from 12 regions of Moldova. Three species were identified by an integrative morphological and molecular approach: Phlebotomus papatasi, P. perfiliewi and Adlerius sp., the first being the most abundant and widespread, markedly anthropophilic based of bloodmeal analyses and occurring also indoor, showing low structuring of population with only 5 haplotypes of cox1 detected. Distinct morphological and molecular characters of Adlerius sp. specimens suggest presence of yet undescribed species.Conclusions: Our study revealed a presence of stable sand fly population of three species in Moldova that pose a nuisance by biting as well as potential thread of pathogen transmission and shall be further studied.

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A historical review on vector distribution and epidemiology of human and animal leishmanioses in Eastern Europe

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA and antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Ehrlichia canis in a dog kennel in South-Central Romania

Detection of Leishmania infantum DNA and antibodies against Anaplasma spp., Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and Ehrlichia canis in a dog kennel in South-Central Romania

Canine leishmaniasis in Northern California—A case report

Phlebotomine Sand Fly Survey in the Republic of Moldova: Species Composition, Distribution and Host Preferences

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