Canine leishmaniasis in Northern California—A case report

Abstract

A 3-year-old male castrated Boxer was referred to the University of California-Davis William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital to further evaluate episodes of epistaxis of 1-year duration. The dog was adopted at approximately 6 months of age in the northern region of California (Petaluma, CA) and had no travel history outside of this region. Additional clinical history included urinary incontinence, resolved chronic pancreatitis, and waxing and waning allergic dermatitis, which was considered most likely seasonal. According to anamnesis, the only instituted therapy was cetirizine hydrochloride. Upon physical examination, moderate bilateral mandibular and superficial cervical lymphadenomegaly (up to 3.5 cm) was noted. There was alopecia with erythema and mild lichenification along the distal limbs, but no other overt clinical abnormalities were observed. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdominal cavity revealed mild generalized abdominal lymphadenopathy and hypoechoic hepatomegaly. The thoracic radiographic examination was unremarkable. A CBC (ADVIA 120 automated analyzer, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Munich, Germany) revealed microcytic (MCV = 60 fL, RI 65-75) normochromic nonregenerative (19 500 reticulocytes/ µL, RI 7000-65 000) moderate anemia (PCV = 29%, RI 40-55) and moderate lymphopenia (438 cells/µL, RI 1000-4000). On serum biochemistry (Cobas 6000 C501 analyzer, Roche, Basel, Switzerland), marked hyperglobulinemia (10.9 g/dL, RI 1.7-3.1), moderate hypoalbuminemia (2.1 g/dL, RI 3.4-4.3), and mild hypocholesterolemia (129 mg/dL, IR 139-353) were noted. Protein electrophoresis revealed a broad-based peak bridging the beta and gamma globulin regions, indicating a polyclonal gammopathy for which the presence

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

“…Human and canine leishmaniosis is endemic in the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, and sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world, but over the past few years, with climatic zone shifts induced by climate change, population instability, and globalization, the disease has been experiencing a clear geographical expansion [9,[102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109]. Several cases have been reported in non-endemic areas [31,110,111] such as the UK [112,113], the United States [114,115], New Caledonia [116], Germany, and Poland [110]. Besides, the incidence of CanL is increasing in endemic countries such as Spain and France [117].…”