A Historical Perspective on Paper Microfluidic Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Abstract

Paper-based microfluidic systems have emerged as one of the most favorable technologies used in many potential applications such as point-of-care diagnostics, flexible electronics, energy storage, etc. From the past several decades, paper-based technology has readily accepted in the academic research lab and industries as well. The paper-based devices have changed the life of humankind. The distinguishing characteristics of paper substrate like low cost, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ease of fabrication helped their adaptability in biosensing applications. This chapter gives a concise overview of the historical perspective of paper-based devices, classification of paper types, and their recent applications.

Extended functionalities of paper-based analytical devices using hydrogels for biomedical applications

“…The use of paper in chemical analysis dates back to the 17th century and has spread to a variety of fields, including the environment, healthcare, and many more [6,7]. Paper has also started to be widely used in the biomedical field as a diagnostic tool, such as dipstick assays for glucose in urine [8], lateral flow assays (LFAs) for pregnancy tests [9], and two-dimensional (2D) microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPAD) for glucose and protein [10].…”

Novel Pumping Methods for Microfluidic Devices: A Comprehensive Review

“…The second group consists of molded thermoplastics, and the third one includes thermosetting polymer processed by photopolymerization [ 50 , 51 , 52 ]. The fourth one contains paper, which is often used for disposable systems and POC systems [ 53 , 54 ]. The fifth group includes hydrogels, which are widely used in biological applications related to living cells [ 55 , 56 ].…”

Advanced “lab-on-a-chip” to detect viruses – Current challenges and future perspectives

“…Moreover, these methods are unable to meet the needs of clinical diagnosis as well as provide timely details necessary for large viral outbreaks. Point of care (POC) enables simple, fast, autonomous and sensitive virus detection (Gervais et al, 2011;Gubala et al, 2012;Kumar et al, 2019;Yetisen et al, 2013). The POC device is currently available in the market (Chin et al, 2012), which is expected to reach USD 52.6 BN by 2025 and will experience a robust compound annual growth rate of 9.75% from 2019 to 2026.…”

“…Recently, dramatic paper-based microfluidics (Ahn et al, 2018;Reboud et al, 2019), centrifugal chips (Lee et al, 2006;Li et al, 2019a), wearable microfluidic devices (Gao et al, 2017;Koh et al, 2016;Nyein et al, 2018), digital nucleic acid detection chips (Song et al, 2018;Zhu et al, 2014) and others have been proposed for pathogen detection (Tsougeni et al, 2019) as well as disease screenings (Shuler, 2019) and additional applications (Yin et al, 2019). These microfluidic technologies have been systematically classified and summarized by lots of reviews (Bruijns et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2009;Koo et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2019;Reinholt and Baeumner, 2014) to promote technological innovation of microfluidic systems.…”