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The objective of the research was to determine the types, patterns of uterine cervical lesions and specific age distributions in which they occur. Methods. The data for this study were obtained from the records of patients seen in consultations in the Department of Histopathology, Central Hospital Warri during the 10-year period from 2007 to 2016. Relevant clinical information was extracted from the available histopathology records and permission for this study was conformed with the provision of the Declaration of Helsinki in 1995. Results. The study revealed that the peak age range for malignant neoplasm was between 40-49 years (27.52%) with the general age range between (20-80 years) mean age 52.39±13.69. Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma constituted majority of squamous cell tumours (55.05%), while the keratinising variety was the second most common (26.61%) one. The study further revealed that ectocervical fibroepithelial polyps were more common than endocervical tumours especially in the reproductive years (30-50 years) with only one case of atrophic polyp recorded in a woman in the sixth decade. The study documented that 58 (22.48%) of the cervical biopsies were inflammatory with most cases occurring in the ectocervix (94.80%). Most cases of inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) were disposed between 30 and 59 years with the peak age group occurring in the 4th age group (30-39 years). Conclusions. This audit of uterine cervical biopsies established that malignant tumours were the most common neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinomas accounted for most carcinomas. Similarly, leiomyoma was demonstrated as predominant stromal tumour.
The objective of the research was to determine the types, patterns of uterine cervical lesions and specific age distributions in which they occur. Methods. The data for this study were obtained from the records of patients seen in consultations in the Department of Histopathology, Central Hospital Warri during the 10-year period from 2007 to 2016. Relevant clinical information was extracted from the available histopathology records and permission for this study was conformed with the provision of the Declaration of Helsinki in 1995. Results. The study revealed that the peak age range for malignant neoplasm was between 40-49 years (27.52%) with the general age range between (20-80 years) mean age 52.39±13.69. Non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma constituted majority of squamous cell tumours (55.05%), while the keratinising variety was the second most common (26.61%) one. The study further revealed that ectocervical fibroepithelial polyps were more common than endocervical tumours especially in the reproductive years (30-50 years) with only one case of atrophic polyp recorded in a woman in the sixth decade. The study documented that 58 (22.48%) of the cervical biopsies were inflammatory with most cases occurring in the ectocervix (94.80%). Most cases of inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis) were disposed between 30 and 59 years with the peak age group occurring in the 4th age group (30-39 years). Conclusions. This audit of uterine cervical biopsies established that malignant tumours were the most common neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinomas accounted for most carcinomas. Similarly, leiomyoma was demonstrated as predominant stromal tumour.
Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of HPV among HIV-infected women in Plateau State, Nigeria, highlighting a significant correlation between low CD4+ counts, high viral loads, and increased HPV infection rates. By utilizing comprehensive diagnostic methods including ELISA for HPV detection and cytology for cervical abnormalities, the research offers robust data linking immunosuppression and HPV-related cervical pathology in a high-risk population. The findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions to improve sexual health behaviors and further research on how low immunity accelerates cervical cancer progression in both HIV-positive women and the broader population. Full Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) associated with cervical, uterine, and anogenital cancers. Persistent infection with HPV is associated with abnormal cervical cells, which can develop into cervical cancer if left untreated. Human papillomaviruses are the first viruses to have been acknowledged to prompt carcinogenesis, and they are linked with cancers of the uterine cervix, anogenital tumours, and head and neck malignancies. A hospital-based study of HIV-infected women across the three senatorial zones of Plateau State, Nigeria, was conducted between November 2018 to November 2020. Ethical approval for the study was first obtained from the ethical committee of Plateau State Specialist Hospital Jos, and informed consent to participate in the research was also obtained from each participant. HIV status confirmation was first done through standard rapid test procedures, followed by cytology testing via the Pap smear procedure to detect any precancerous or malignant changes in the cervix. Subsequent detection of HPV utilized the ELISA procedure, while CD4+ cell count and viral load estimations were done using flow cytometry and nucleic acid amplification techniques, respectively. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on cervical cancer risk factors and clinical presentations. The overall prevalence of HPV was 28% among HIV-infected women. More HPV infection (31.9%) occurred in women with low CD4+ count (0-200 cells/mm3), and also highest (50.0%) among women with the highest HIV viral load (>100 copies/mL). The possible risk factors identified in this study include multiple sexual partnering, low condom usage, and coinfection with other STIs, among others. In conclusion, this study identified a high HPV prevalence, low CD4+ counts, and coinfection with other STIs among high-risk populations (HIV-infected women). We, therefore, recommend improved sexual behaviours and further research on the impact of low immunity on the rate of progression of cervical abnormality to cervical cancer, not just in HIV-positive women but in the general population.
Background: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in developing countries. The World Health Organisation estimated that there were about 570,000 new cases of cancer of the cervix in 2018 and about 311,000 women died of the disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of patients with cervical cancer at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study which involved all the patients with histologically confirmed cervical cancer managed at the gynaecological unit of the hospital from 1st January, 2016 to 31st December, 2020. Information was extracted from the gynaecological records and entered into a predesigned proforma. All available data were retrospectively analysed with SPSS version 23.0, and results were presented in tables and frequencies. Results: There were 31 cases of cervical cancers out of the 2,478 gynaecological cases seen. The prevalence of cervical cancer was 1.25%. About one-third of the women were in the sixth decade of life (32.3%). About half of the women were diagnosed at Stage 2 of the disease (51.6%) and squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 80.6% of the cancers. Radiotherapy was the most used treatment option (64.5%). About one-quarter died (25.8%). Conclusion: Most of the patients in this study presented in the advanced stages of the disease, with death of about one-quarter of them. Prevention and early presentation to the hospital are key in the prevention of poor quality of life and deaths. All hands must be on deck to tackle this disease.
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