“…Additionally, it is possible that the connection between the duct and the tubular fang is not the same across the three front‐fanged venomous snake taxa. Physiological variation in glands (Fry et al, 2003, 2008; Gans, 1978; Kerkkamp, Casewell & Vonk, 2017; Kılıç, Akat & Arıkan, 2016; Kochva, 1978; Weinstein, Smith & Kardong, 2009), compressor muscles originating from a different muscle in all taxa (Kerkkamp, Casewell & Vonk, 2017), and different fang designs (protero‐ or solenoglyphous) as well as the presence of a connection furrow or a completely smooth anterior fang surface (Berkovitz & Shellis, 2016; Chipman, 2009; Jackson, 2007; Jackson & Fritts, 1995; Kardong, 1979; Pyron et al, 2014; Vonk et al, 2008; Zahradnicek, Horacek & Tucker, 2008) indicate that the front‐fang venom delivery system (VDS) evolved independently in the two families and subfamily within the Colubroidea (Fry et al, 2006; Iwanaga & Suzuki, 1979; Vidal, 2002; Zeller, 1948).…”