A High-Sensitivity Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide Re-Entrant Cavity for Complex Permittivity Measurement of Liquids

Wei, Zhihua; Huang, Jie; Li, Jing; Xu, Guangyi; Ju, Zongde; Liu, Xuyang; Ni, Xingsheng

doi:10.3390/s18114005

Cited by 85 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In order to obtain the corresponding simulated S 11 of the sensor, the permittivities of pure water of 63 − 30i and pure emulsified oil of 1.82 − 0.269i are measured first by using Keysight coaxial probe kit (N1500A), respectively. Then, permittivities of the emulsified oil with 1% to 9% water content are calculated by using the following dielectric mixture Equation (4) [27]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the detection of liquid, conventional sensor based on metamaterial absorber may produce more errors in the situation that fluid is relatively harder to be limited on certain extent of resonance region, resulting in higher requirement of operation in experiment [25]. However, the method of loading microfluidic [26,27] enhances the feasibility of operating with fluid medium, promoting a wider range of liquids [28,29] to be detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Water Content in Emulsified Oil With the Metamaterial Sensor

Huang¹,

Wei²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

PIER M

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A metamaterial sensor that can be applied to detect water content in emulsified oil is proposed, which is reusable in experiment and nondestructive to the sample. Electric field of the original absorber is researched to guide the design of microfluidics. Also, its equivalent circuit model is proposed to validate its ability as a sensor. The calculated sensitivity of the sensor is 339 MHz/ε r in the range of 11.26 GHz to 10.044 GHz, indicating its potential for detecting the emulsified oil. The experimental results reveal the reliable process of detection and the linear relationship between frequency shift and water content. This work provides a fast and convenient solution to check the quality of lubricant oil to some extent, which is relatively valuable to modern machinery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Water Content in Emulsified Oil With the Metamaterial Sensor

Huang¹,

Wei²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

PIER M

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“…The choice of the microstrip antenna operating frequency at 3.1 GHz is related to the interest in developing a compact, low weight, low cost, and easy to manufacture narrowband antenna sensor to operate in the near field. In addition, the antenna sensor operating frequencies at 2.26 GHz and 3.5 GHz are in the same microwave range used in studies available in the literature [2,4].…”

Section: Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Planar sensors can be classified into several groups according to their application, principle of operation, or even the intrinsic characteristics of the used resonator. Among them, there is the group of planar sensors used in the characterization of microfluidics, which has been considered by several researchers [1][2][3][4][5]. Usually, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) sensors are developed to characterize the complex permittivity of microfluidics [1,2] or are submerged in the liquid under test (LUT) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CSRR-Based Microwave Sensor for Dielectric Materials Characterization Applied to Soil Water Content Determination

Oliveira

Pinto

Neto

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A new and compact sensor based on the complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) structure is proposed to characterize the relative permittivity of various dielectric materials, enabling the determination of soil water content (SWC). The proposed sensor consists of a circular microstrip patch antenna supporting a 3D-printed small cylindrical container made out of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) filament. The principle of operation is based on the shifting of two of the antenna resonant frequencies caused by changing the relative permittivity of the material under test (MUT). Simulations are performed enabling the development of an empirical model of analysis. The sensitivity of the sensor is investigated and its effectiveness is analyzed by characterizing typical dielectric materials. The proposed sensor, which can be applied to characterize different types of dielectric materials, is used to determine the percentage of water contained in different soil types. Prototypes are fabricated and measured and the obtained results are compared with results from other research works, to validate the proposed sensor effectiveness. Moreover, the sensor was used to determine the percentage of water concentration in quartz sand and red clay samples.

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“…For the detection of liquid, conventional meta-surface sensor usually needs to be immersed in a large amount of liquid sample [23] or loaded by a capillary filled with liquid sample [24]. However, wastefulness of sample and relative low sensitivity are the main technical problems corresponding to these methods [25]. Fortunately, the emerging microfluidic technology can be used as an effective method to solve these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Microfluidic Sensor Based on Meta-Surface Absorber for Rapid and Nondestructive Identification of Edible Oil Species

Huang¹,

Li²,

Xu³

et al. 2019

PIER C

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In this paper, a sensor based on a meta-surface absorber loaded with microfluidics is proposed for identification of edible oil species and provides a non-destructive, rapid, and convenient technology for the measured samples. First, a narrow-band absorber with absorption frequency of 9.887 GHz and Q value of 147, which is implemented with four W-shaped meander line resonators, is designed by Finite Element Method. Its corresponding electromagnetic resonance mechanism is explored to reveal absorption characteristics, build its corresponding equivalent circuit model, and guide the design of the palindromic microfluidic channel. The sensor shows a high sensitivity of 500 MHz/ε r , and the corresponding sensing performance is experimentally validated by the fact that the distinguishable resonance absorption frequency shift is 461 MHz, 458 MHz, 449 MHz, 444 MHz, and 436 MHz when rapeseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, and olive oil are loaded into the microfluidic channel, respectively. The identification is successfully achieved according to the resonance absorption frequency shift. Moreover, a good agreement between the simulated and measured results demonstrates that the proposed meta-surface-inspired sensor is a promising candidate to monitor and determine the quality of edible oil to some extent, and is relatively valuable to the modern agriculture and food industry.

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A High-Sensitivity Microfluidic Sensor Based on a Substrate Integrated Waveguide Re-Entrant Cavity for Complex Permittivity Measurement of Liquids

Cited by 85 publications

References 47 publications

Detection of Water Content in Emulsified Oil With the Metamaterial Sensor

Detection of Water Content in Emulsified Oil With the Metamaterial Sensor

CSRR-Based Microwave Sensor for Dielectric Materials Characterization Applied to Soil Water Content Determination

A Microfluidic Sensor Based on Meta-Surface Absorber for Rapid and Nondestructive Identification of Edible Oil Species

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