A high-resolution study of complex organic molecules in hot cores

Calcutt, H.; Viti, S.; Codella, C.; Beltrán, M. T.; Fontani, F.; Woods, Paul

doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1363

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…It possesses a rotation toroid (Beltrán et al 2005) and gas infall accompanied by outflows (Cesaroni et al 2003;Beltrán et al 2006Beltrán et al , 2011 were used as kinematic tracers. Molecular lines from CH 3 OH, CH 3 OD, CH 3 CN, HCOOCH 3 , and C 2 H 5 CN were also reported in other surveys in the centimeter and millimeter bands (Purcell et al 2006;Vig et al 2008;Ratajczak et al 2011;Calcutt et al 2014;Favre et al 2014). Bisschop et al (2007) reported the detection of H 2 CO, CH 3 OH, C 2 H 5 OH, NH 2 CHO, CH 3 CN, C 2 H 5 CN, HCOOCH 3 , CH 3 OCH 3 , H 2 CCO, CH 3 CCH, and trans-HCOOH.…”

Section: Gal2478+008supporting

confidence: 70%

“…The rotational temperature of these molecules ranges from 39 to 261K. Specifically, glycolaldehyde (CH 2 OHCHO) was reported as a detection in this source (Beltrán et al 2005;Calcutt et al 2014).…”

Section: Gal2478+008mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…CH 3 CN was used as a tracer for the structure and kinematics and extensively mapped in the millimeter Walmsley et al 1995;Olmi et al 1996aOlmi et al , 1996bPankonin et al 2001;Beltrán et al 2004Beltrán et al , 2005Araya et al 2005;Purcell et al 2006;Hernández-Hernández et al 2014 (Hatchell et al 1998b;Nummelin et al 1998b;Ikeda et al 2001;Fontani et al 2007;Araya et al 2008;Jordan et al 2008;Beltrán et al 2009;Reiter et al 2011;Isokoski et al 2013;Calcutt et al 2014;Ligterink et al 2015;Suzuki et al 2016). It is one of the sources where CH 2 OHCHO (glycolaldehyde), a sign of complex chemistry, was reported Beltràn et al 2010;Calcutt et al 2014 (Cesaroni et al 1992;Pascucci et al 2004). It is surprising that GAL10.47+00.03 has chemical complexity comparable to that of Orion-KL.…”

Section: Gal3141+031mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep, Broadband Spectral Line Surveys of Molecule-rich Interstellar Clouds

Weaver

Laas

Zou

et al. 2017

ApJS

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Spectral line surveys are an indispensable tool for exploring the physical and chemical evolution of astrophysical environments due to the vast amount of data that can be obtained in a relatively short amount of time. We present deep, broadband spectral line surveys of 30 interstellar clouds using two broadband λ=1.3 mm receivers at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. This information can be used to probe the influence of physical environment on molecular complexity. We observed a wide variety of sources to examine the relative abundances of organic molecules as they relate to the physical properties of the source (i.e., temperature, density, dynamics, etc.). The spectra are highly sensitive, with noise levels 25 mK at a velocity resolution of ∼0.35kms −1 . In the initial analysis presented here, column densities and rotational temperatures have been determined for the molecular species that contribute significantly to the spectral line density in this wavelength regime. We present these results and discuss their implications for complex molecule formation in the interstellar medium.

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Section: Gal2478+008supporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Gal2478+008mentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Gal3141+031mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep, Broadband Spectral Line Surveys of Molecule-rich Interstellar Clouds

Weaver

Laas

Zou

et al. 2017

ApJS

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“…Since its first detection toward the Galactic Center (Hollis et al 2000; see also Hollis et al 2001;Hollis et al 2004;Halfen et al 2006;Requena-Torres et al 2008) it has been detected in a number of other places in the ISM, both associated with formation of stars of high (Beltrán et al 2009;Calcutt et al 2014), intermediate (Fuente et al 2014) and low mass (Jørgensen et al 2012;Coutens et al 2015;Taquet et al 2015). Recently, glycolaldehyde has also been detected in comet C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy) (Biver et al 2015).…”

Section: Glycolaldehyde Ethylene Glycol and Acetic Acidmentioning

confidence: 97%

The ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS)

Jørgensen

Wiel

Coutens

et al. 2016

A&A

Self Cite

371

582

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Context. The inner regions of the envelopes surrounding young protostars are characterised by a complex chemistry, with prebiotic molecules present on the scales where protoplanetary disks eventually may form. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) provides an unprecedented view of these regions zooming in on Solar System scales of nearby protostars and mapping the emission from rare species. Aims. The goal is to introduce a systematic survey, "Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS)", of the chemical complexity of one of the nearby astrochemical templates, the Class 0 protostellar binary IRAS 16293−2422, using ALMA, to understand the origin of the complex molecules formed in its vicinity. In addition to presenting the overall survey, the analysis in this paper focuses on new results for the prebiotic molecule glycolaldehyde, its isomers and rarer isotopologues and other related molecules.Methods. An unbiased spectral survey of IRAS 16293−2422 covering the full frequency range from 329 to 363 GHz (0.8 mm) has been obtained with ALMA, in addition to a few targeted observations at 3.0 and 1.3 mm. The data consist of full maps of the protostellar binary system with an angular resolution of 0.5 (60 AU diameter), a spectral resolution of 0.2 km s −1 and a sensitivity of 4-5 mJy beam −1 km s −1 -approximately two orders of magnitude better than any previous studies. Results. More than 10,000 features are detected toward one component in the protostellar binary, corresponding to an average line density of approximately one line per 3 km s −1 . Glycolaldehyde, its isomers, methyl formate and acetic acid, and its reduced alcohol, ethylene glycol, are clearly detected and their emission well-modeled with an excitation temperature of 300 K. For ethylene glycol both lowest state conformers, aGg and gGg , are detected, the latter for the first time in the ISM. The abundance of glycolaldehyde is comparable to or slightly larger than that of ethylene glycol. In comparison to the Galactic Center these two species are over-abundant relative to methanol, possibly an indication of formation of the species at low temperatures in CO-rich ices during the infall of the material toward the central protostar. Both 13 C and deuterated isotopologues of glycolaldehyde are detected, also for the first time ever in the ISM. For the deuterated species a D/H ratio of ≈5% is found with no differences between the deuteration in the different functional groups of glycolaldehyde, in contrast to previous estimates for methanol and recent suggestions of significant equilibration between water and -OH functional groups at high temperatures. Measurements of the 13 C-species lead to a 12 C: 13 C ratio of ≈30, lower than the typical ISM value. This low ratio may reflect an enhancement of 13 CO in the ice due to either ion-molecule reactions in the gas before freeze-out or differences in the temperatures where 12 CO and 13 CO ices sublimate. Conclusions. The results reinforce the importance of low temperature grain surfac...

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“…with the technological advances of telescope arrays (Coutens et al 2015;Calcutt et al 2014;Biver et al 2014;Jørgensen et al 2012;Beltrán et al 2009;Cernicharo et al 2012;Bacmann et al 2016). It was originally assumed they were primarily formed as a result of gas phase chemistry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radical-induced chemistry from VUV photolysis of interstellar ice analogues containing formaldehyde

Butscher

Duvernay

Danger

et al. 2016

A&A

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Surface processes and radical chemistry within interstellar ices are increasingly suspected to play an important role in the formation of complex organic molecules (COMs) observed in several astrophysical regions and cometary environments. We present new laboratory experiments on the low-temperature solid state formation of complex organic molecules -glycolaldehyde, ethylene glycol, and polyoxymethylene -through radical-induced reactivity from VUV photolysis of formaldehyde in water-free and water-dominated ices. Radical reactivity and endogenous formation of COMs were monitored in situ via infrared spectroscopy in the solid state and post photolysis with temperature programmed desorption (TPD) using a quadripole mass spectrometer. We show the ability of free radicals to be stored when formed at low temperature in water-dominated ices, and to react with other radicals or on double bonds of unsaturated molecules when the temperature increases. It experimentally confirms the role of thermal diffusion in radical reactivity. We propose a new pathway for formaldehyde polymerisation induced by HCO radicals that might explain some observations made by the Ptolemy instrument on board the Rosetta lander Philae. In addition, our results seem to indicate that H-atom additions on H 2 CO proceed preferentially through CH 2 OH intermediate radicals rather than the CH 3 O radical.

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A high-resolution study of complex organic molecules in hot cores

Cited by 38 publications

References 84 publications

Deep, Broadband Spectral Line Surveys of Molecule-rich Interstellar Clouds

Deep, Broadband Spectral Line Surveys of Molecule-rich Interstellar Clouds

The ALMA Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS)

Radical-induced chemistry from VUV photolysis of interstellar ice analogues containing formaldehyde

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