A high resolution electromagnetic calorimeter based on lead-tungstate crystals

Aleksandrov, D. V.; Burachas, S. F.; Ippolitov, M.; Lebedev, V.; Manko, V.; Nikulin, S.; Nyanin, A.; Sibiriak, I.; Tsvetkov, A.; Vasiliev, Andrey; Vinogradov, A.; Bogolyubsky, M.; Kharlov, Y.; Konstantinov, S.A.; Petrov, V.; Polishchuk, Boris; Sadovsky, S.; Senko, V.A.; Soloviev, A.; Victorov, V.A.; Vodopianov, A.S.; Nomokonov, P.V.; Basmanov, V.; Budnikov, D.; Ilkaev, R.; Kuryakin, A.; Nazarenko, S.; Punin, V.; Vinogradov, Yu. I.; Delagrange, H.; Schutz, Y.; Balbestre, G.C.; Díaz, J.; Klovning, A.; Maeland, O.A.; Odland, O.H.; Pommersche, B.; Röhrich, D.; Yin, Z.; Skaali, Bernhard; Wormald, D.; Mareš, J.; Polák, K.; Deloff, A.; Dobrowolski, T.; Karpio, K.; Kozlowski, M.; Redlich, K.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Stefanek, G.; Tykarski, L.; Wilk, G.; Sugitate, T.; Shigaki, K.; Kohara, R.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2005.03.174

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The PHOS consists of three modules of 64 × 56 towers each, with each tower having a transverse size of 2.2 × 2.2 cm, comparable to the Molière radius. The relative energy resolution is √ 0.013 2 /E 2 + 0.036 2 /E + 0.01 2 , where the energy E is measured in GeV [43].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of transverse energy at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions atsNN=2.76TeV

Adam¹,

Adamová²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. C

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We report the transverse energy (E T ) measured with ALICE at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV as a function of centrality. The transverse energy was measured using identified single-particle tracks. The measurement was cross checked using the electromagnetic calorimeters and the transverse momentum distributions of identified particles previously reported by ALICE. The results are compared to theoretical models as well as to results from other experiments. The mean E T per unit pseudorapidity (η), dE T /dη , in 0%-5% central collisions is 1737 ± 6(stat.) ± 97(sys.) GeV. We find a similar centrality dependence of the shape of dE T /dη as a function of the number of participating nucleons to that seen at lower energies. The growth in dE T /dη at the LHC energies exceeds extrapolations of low-energy data. We observe a nearly linear scaling of dE T /dη with the number of quark participants. With the canonical assumption of a 1 fm/c formation time, we estimate that the energy density in 0%-5% central Pb-Pb collisions at √ s NN = 2.76 TeV is 12.3 ± 1.0 GeV/fm 3 and that the energy density at the most central 80 fm 2 of the collision is at least 21.5 ± 1.7 GeV/fm 3 . This is roughly 2.3 times that observed in 0%-5% central Au-Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of transverse energy at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions atsNN=2.76TeV

Adam¹,

Adamová²,

Aggarwal³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. C

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“…The readout electronics of the PHOS (PHoton Spectrometer) detector [7] of ALICE have been adopted for the EMCal front end electronics readout with only minor modifications, as the light yield per unit of energy deposit in the EMCal is similar to that of the PHOS [8]. A detailed description of the EMCal (PHOS) front end electronics (FEE) and their performance is given in Ref.…”

Section: Calorimeter Module Design and Readoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of prototypes for the ALICE electromagnetic calorimeter

Allen

Awes

Badalà

et al. 2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The performance of prototypes for the ALICE electromagnetic sampling calorimeter has been studied in test beam measurements at FNAL and CERN. A 4 × 4 array of final design modules showed an energy resolution of about 11% / p E(GeV) ⊕ 1.7 % with a uniformity of the response to electrons of 1% and a good linearity in the energy range from 10 to 100 GeV. The electromagnetic shower position resolution was found to be described by 1.5 mm ⊕ 5.3 mm / p E(GeV). For an electron identification efficiency of 90% a hadron rejection factor of > 600 was obtained.

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“…The PHOS detector [1] of ALICE is an electromagnetic calorimeter consisting of 17920 PbWO 4 crystals of equal size 180x22x22 mm 3 . The detector is operated at an ambient temperature of -25 o C to enhance the scintillation light yield.…”

Section: Photoelectron Signal Of Phos and Emcal Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The digital resolution is given by the LSB value relative to a signal value of energy E. For the above PHOS ranges, the digital resolutions LSB/E=4.9/E [MeV] for high gain and 78/E [MeV] for low gain are shown in Fig. 1, compared to first testbeam data taken by PHOS with old electronics [3]. Apart from a small region above 5 GeV, the digital resolution lies always significantly below the targeted PHOS energy resolution at high energies of 3%/√E ⊕ 0.8%. The combined noise from 3x3 crystal areas of 7.5 MeV/ E (2.5 MeV single channel noise) lies closely above the digital resolution of the high gain shaper.…”

Section: Dynamic Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

Configurable electronics with low noise and 14-bit dynamic range for photodiode-based photon detectors

Müller¹,

Pimenta²,

Yin³

et al. 2006

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We describe the principles and measured performance of custom configurable 32-channel shaper/digitizer Front End Electronics (FEE) cards with 14-bit dynamic range for gain-adjustable photon detectors. The electronics has been designed for the PHOS calorimeter of ALICE with avalanche photodiode (APD) readout operated at -25 o C ambient temperature and a signal shaping time of 1 μs. The electronics has also been adopted by the EMCal detector of ALICE with the same APD readout, but operated at an ambient temperature of +20 o C and with a shaping time of 100ns. The CR-RC2 signal shapers on the FEE cards are implemented in discrete logic on a 10-layer board with two shaper sections for each input channel. The two shaper sections with gain ratio of 16:1 are digitized by 10-bit ADCs and provide an effective dynamic range of 14 bits. Gain adjustment for each individual APD is available through 32 bias voltage control registers of 10-bit range. The fixed gains and shaping times of the pole-zero compensated shapers are defined prior to FEE production by the values of a few R and C components. For trigger purposes, "fast OR" outputs with 12-bit dynamic range are available. FPGA based slave logic, combined with a USB processor supports a variety of remote control and monitoring features, including APD gain calibration. The measurements presented here for APDs at -25 o C ambient temperature and 1 μs shaping time achieve an average RMS noise level of 0.25 ADC counts or 290 electrons.The linearity over the dynamic range is better than 1%, as is the uniformity of shaping time and gain over 32 channels. Due to the excellent correspondence of the output pulse shape with offline fit, a differential timing resolution of less than 1.5 ns between channels has been achieved at ca. 2 GeV, i.e. at 1.5% of the dynamic range of PHOS.

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A high resolution electromagnetic calorimeter based on lead-tungstate crystals

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Measurement of transverse energy at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions atsNN=2.76TeV

Measurement of transverse energy at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions atsNN=2.76TeV

Performance of prototypes for the ALICE electromagnetic calorimeter

Configurable electronics with low noise and 14-bit dynamic range for photodiode-based photon detectors

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