A high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for the Young Toba Tuff and dating of ultra-distal tephra: Forcing of Quaternary climate and implications for hominin occupation of India

Mark, Darren F.; Petraglia, Michael D.; Smith, Vicki; Morgan, Leah E.; Barfod, Dan N.; Ellis, Ben; Pearce, Nick; Pal, J.N.; Korisettar, Ravi

doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2012.12.004

Cited by 107 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…O isotope stratigraphies (as highlighted by Mark et al, 2017;Valet et al, 2016), the data we present are exceptionally robust and our conclusions are supported by other datasets (Bronk Ramsey et al, 2012;Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009, Mark et al, 2014, 2013, Sagnotti et al, 2016Skinner and Shackleton, 2005;Valet et al, 2014). Much of these data have been ignored by Channell & Hodell (2017) in their critique of our work, but are essential for accurate interpretation of our results.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

“…In attempting to align the records from the Atlantic Ocean with ODP 758 and MD90-0961, it is necessary to consider that previous studies detail leads and lags in the response of the Earth system between different climate archives (e.g., cryosphere, terrestrial and marine realms, (Bronk Ramsey et al, 2012;Mark et al, 2014Mark et al, , 2013 and within the same climate archives (e.g., marine-marine, Lisiecki and Raymo, 2009;Skinner and Shackleton, 2005). We (Mark et al, 2017) asked the question as to whether the level of dispersion in the location of the MBB within the ∂ 18 O record, and the age of Termination IX between the Atlantic and the equatorial Indian Ocean could be due to such processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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‘Radical interpretations’ preclude the use of climatic wiggle matching for resolution of event timings at the highest levels of attainable precision

Mark

Renne

Dymock

et al. 2017

Quaternary Geochronology

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supporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Radical interpretations’ preclude the use of climatic wiggle matching for resolution of event timings at the highest levels of attainable precision

Mark

Renne

Dymock

et al. 2017

Quaternary Geochronology

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“…Major eruptive activity initiated ∼1.2 Ma with the Haranggaol Dacite Tuff (HDT), followed by the catastrophic eruption of the ∼500-2300 km 3 Oldest Toba Tuff (OTT) at ∼840 ka that resulted in collapse of the Porsea caldera (Knight et al, 1986;Chesner, 2012). A smaller eruption focused in the north produced the 60 km 3 Middle Toba Tuff (MTT) at ∼501 ka , while most of the resurgent caldera we see today was produced during the catastrophic eruption of the 2800 km 3 Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) most recently dated at 73.9 ± 0.6 ka by Storey et al (2012) and at 75.0 ± 0.9 ka by Mark et al (2013). This eruption produced the most recent caldera described as a 2 km deep steep-walled collapse with a flat floor of thick welded YTT at a maximum elevation of 400 m a.s.l (above sea level), but maybe as low as sea level.…”

Section: Toba Sumatramentioning

confidence: 99%

Resurgent Tobaâ€”field, chronologic, and model constraints on time scales and mechanisms of resurgence at large calderas

et al. 2015

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Highlights• New data reveal for the first time a history of the last ∼33.7 ky of uplift of Samosir.• Minimum uplift rates were high (4.9 cm/year) for the first 11.2 ky but diminished after that to <1 cm/year for the last 22.5 ky.• Numerical modeling suggests that rebound of remnant magma augmented by deep recharge appears to be the most likely driver for uplift.• Detumescence makes a negligible contribution to resurgent uplift.• The volume of the resurgent dome is isostatically compensated by magma • Average rates of uplift at Toba are much lower than currently restless calderas indicating a distinction between resurgence and "restlessness".New data reveal details of the post-caldera history at the Earth's youngest resurgent supervolcano, Toba caldera in Sumatra. Resurgence after the caldera-forming ∼74 ka Youngest Toba Tuff eruption uplifted the caldera floor as a resurgent dome, Samosir Island, capped with 100 m of lake sediments. 14 C age data from the uppermost datable sediments reveal that Samosir Island was submerged beneath lake level (∼900 m a.s.l) at 33 ka. Since then, Samosir experienced 700 m of uplift as a tilted block dipping to the west. 14 C ages and elevations of sediment along a transect of Samosir reveal that minimum uplift rates were ∼4.9 cm/year from ∼33.7 to 22.5 ka, but diminished to ∼0.7 cm/year after 22.5 ka. Thermo-mechanical models informed by these rates reveal that detumescence does not produce the uplift nor the uplift rates estimated for Samosir. However, models calculating the effect of volume change of the magma reservoir within a temperature-dependent viscoelastic host rock reveal that a single pulse of ∼475 km 3 of magma produces a better fit to the uplift data than a constant flux. The cause of resurgent uplift of the caldera floor is rebound of remnant magma as the system re-established magmastatic and isostatic equilibrium after the caldera collapse. Previous assertions that the caldera floor was apparently at 400 m a.s.l or lower requires that uplift must have initiated between sometime between 33.7 and 74 ka at a minimum average uplift rate of ∼1.1 cm/year. The change in uplift rate from pre-33.7 ka to immediately post-33.7 ka suggests a role for deep recharge augmenting rebound. Average minimum rates of de Silva et al.Resurgence at Toba caldera, Sumatra resurgent uplift at Toba are at least an order of magnitude slower than net rates of "restlessness" at currently active calderas. This connotes a distinction between resurgence and "restlessness" controlled by different processes, scales of process, and controlling variables.

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“…Other short-lived aridity events are not known to have occurred around 74 ka from the region. However, there is a remarkable correlation between the age of the Lake Prespa lowstand around 74 ka and the Toba eruption at 75.0 ± 0.9 ka (Mark et al, 2013; see also Svensson et al, 2013). The impact of the Toba eruption on the regional or global climate is still under debate (e.g.…”

Section: Interpretation and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Williams, 2012a and references therein). Though differing ages can be found in the literature, the most precise dating of the Toba eruption is thought to be achieved using Ar/Ar of the tephra, which indicates ages of 73.88 ± 0.3 (Storey et al, 2012) and 75.0 ± 0.9 ka (Mark et al, 2013). The impact of the Toba eruption on regional climatic and hydrological conditions, and on regional human dispersal and activity, are relatively well known (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct lake level lowstand in Lake Prespa (SE Europe) at the time of the 74 (75) ka Toba eruption

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The 74 (75) ka Toba eruption in Sumatra, Indonesia, is considered to be one of the largest volcanic events during the Quaternary. Tephra from the Toba eruption has been found in many terrestrial and marine sedimentary deposits, and acidity peaks related to the eruption have been used to synchronize ice core records from Greenland and Antarctica. Seismic profiles and sedimentological data from Lake Prespa on the Balkan Peninsula, SE Europe, indicate a lake level lowstand at 73.6 ± 7.7 ka based on ESR dating of shells. Tephrostratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and tuning of the total organic carbon content with the NGRIP isotope record, corroborate that the lake level lowstand was a short-term event superimposed on the general cooling trend at the end of MIS 5, most likely at the onset of the Greenland Stadial GS-20. Acknowledging that tectonic events or karst processes could have triggered this lake level lowstand, the chronological correspondence between the lowstand and the Toba eruption is intriguing. Therefore a Toba-driven short-term shift to aridity in the Balkan region, leading to lake level changes and triggering spatial expansion events in one of the lake's most abundant benthic species, the carino mussel Dreissena presbensis, cannot be excluded.

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A high-precision 40Ar/39Ar age for the Young Toba Tuff and dating of ultra-distal tephra: Forcing of Quaternary climate and implications for hominin occupation of India

Cited by 107 publications

References 95 publications

‘Radical interpretations’ preclude the use of climatic wiggle matching for resolution of event timings at the highest levels of attainable precision

‘Radical interpretations’ preclude the use of climatic wiggle matching for resolution of event timings at the highest levels of attainable precision

Resurgent Tobaâ€”field, chronologic, and model constraints on time scales and mechanisms of resurgence at large calderas

Distinct lake level lowstand in Lake Prespa (SE Europe) at the time of the 74 (75) ka Toba eruption

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