“…It is generally accepted that volcanic calderas result from the rapid magma withdrawal associated with the collapse of magma chamber roof [e.g., Geyer et al ., ; Acocella et al ., ; both of them based on experimental approaches]. After the caldera formation, episodes of resurgence involve periods of unrest, which sometimes lead to new eruptions [ Newhall and Dzurisin , , presenting almost all the known historical unrest calderas in the World; Kennedy et al ., , related to Valles and Lake City (USA) calderas; Acocella et al ., , discussing several recent episodes of caldera unrest, from Rabaul (Papua, New Guinea) to Campi Flegrei (Italy); de Silva et al ., , concerning Toba caldera (Indonesia)]. Intense episodes of ground uplift, generally accompanied by seismic swarms and geochemical anomalies, characterize caldera unrest [e.g., Hill et al ., , reviewing the Long Valley (USA) unrest; Newhall and Dzurisin , ; De Natale et al ., , concerning the Campi Flegrei caldera].…”