A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone

Ali, Sayyed Arif; Wajid, Mohd; Usman, Mohammed; Alam, M. M. Mahbub

doi:10.3390/s21248350

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…More recently, in 2021 [46], an EMSIW cavity-based MIMO antenna was published for the lower 5G band at 3.5 GHz. This work introduced two-, four-and twelve-element MIMO antennas for a typical smartphone space-constrained scenario.…”

Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This work introduced two-, four-and twelve-element MIMO antennas for a typical smartphone space-constrained scenario. As shown in Table II.c [46], many antenna elements in this work are closely spaced with excellent isolation because of multiple diversity techniques utilized simultaneously and careful antenna placement considering low current regions without any decoupling network (see Fig. 9).…”

Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On a similar approach as reported in [46], another work [47] consisting of a two-element MIMO antenna was proposed, operating at 5.875 GHz (see Table II.c [47]). The single element of the antenna comprises two circular EM SIW cavities are connected in a butterfly structure, fed with a single probe feed, and optimized to operate at TM21 mode to exhibit a dual-beam radiation pattern.…”

Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to limited antenna fabrication space on hand-held/portable devices, bulky and complex decoupling structures are not feasible [29][30]32,66,67]. Recently [46,47], SIW MIMO antennas operating in the sub-6 GHz band were reported where the authors combined the selfdecoupling technique with multiple diversities and avoided the complex decoupling networks. Thus, providing high isolation and at the same time saving precious PCB footprints by accommodating a large number of antenna elements.…”

Section: ) High Isolation In Closely Spaced Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The SAR metric is employed to describe electromagnetic radiation exposure to people from NIR. The International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) [44] organization has established its standard threshold values, which should not exceed 1.6 W/Kg for 1-g tissue and 2 W/Kg for 10-g tissue [46]. Therefore, these requirements must be followed by every wireless antenna system.…”

Section: ) Specific Absorption Rate (Sar)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design Challenges and Possible Solutions for 5G SIW MIMO and Phased Array Antennas: A Review

Ali

Wajid

Kumar³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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With the increasing demand for high-speed data, rapid deployments of the 5G terrestrial heterogeneous wireless networks are expected worldwide in the next decade. In such networks, sub-6 GHz macro-cells overlapped by mmWave small-cells are being used to cater to densely populated regions. As a result, several challenges arise with the antenna design technologies used at the mobile terminal, access points, or backhaul/front haul levels. These challenges are being addressed using multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO), massive-MIMO, and phased array antenna technologies. In order to implement these antenna technologies, considering the expanding 5G scenario, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) offers a viable solution due to its low-cost, low-profile, high-power handling, low transmission loss, and ease of integration with the radio circuits; therefore, the SIW plays a vital role in developing the modern radio systems. The proposed study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of SIW MIMO and phased array antennas operating in the 5G sub-6 GHz and mmWave bands. It deliberates the specific issues related to the band of operations and challenges in designing different antenna structures. After careful investigation and detailed analysis, this paper identified existing research gaps and suggested possible antenna design solutions for prospective researchers who intend to explore further the aforementioned promising area and present future research directions.INDEX TERMS 5G New Radio (NR), millimeter-wave (mmWave), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), planar antennas, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), sub-6 GHz. I. INTRODUCTIONThere is rapid growth in the deployments of 5G heterogeneous wireless networks to cater to the increasing demands of high-speed data communication in the modern wireless system [1,2]. In such a scenario, the microwave and mmWave networks overlap (See Fig. 1) to serve the mobile units, access points, backhaul, and fronthaul wireless links, supported by MIMO, massive MIMO, and phased array antennas [1,2]. In order to realize these antennas, substrate integrated waveguide, a well-established planar technology, is a suitable choice [3]. A. MIMO ANTENNAThe multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is the key enabling technology for fourth-generation (4G), fifth-generation (5G), and beyond 5G (B5G) wireless communication systems. In 4G communication, MIMO primarily supports average download speeds for mobile users. Whereas, in 5G, the MIMO at the user equipment (UE) side and massive MIMO at the base station (BS) promise to deliver high data speeds for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access and enable a wide range of services, including internet of thing (IoT) and critical machine-to-machine communications [1].As per Shannon's channel capacity theorem, the direct way to enhance the date rate is by increasing the bandwidth and/or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) [4]; however, these are not under the control of the antenna designer and are fixed by the cellular operator. Therefore, multiple antenna...

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Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Sub-6 Ghz Band Siw Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) High Isolation In Closely Spaced Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ) Specific Absorption Rate (Sar)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Design Challenges and Possible Solutions for 5G SIW MIMO and Phased Array Antennas: A Review

Ali

Wajid

Kumar³

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

Self Cite

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A novel reconfigurable H-plane Horn leaky wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide MIMO antenna for K band

Tewari

Joshi

Srivastava

2023

AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

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A Wideband Transition Design Technique From RWG to SIW Technologies

Alam,

Almuhanna

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Efficient wide-band transitions play a critical role in integrating substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (AFSIW) systems with conventional rectangular waveguide (RWG) systems in millimeter wave communication. However, existing techniques lack a systematic design approach, overlook mode purity, encounter performance issues, involve tedious optimizations, and feature complex structures. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind design technique that addresses these limitations, enabling seamless transitions from RWG to both SIW and AFSIW. For the first time, a clear and systematic design flow is introduced, covering both transition scenarios. The proposed technique eliminates the need for separate design procedures, simplifying the process, reducing complexity, and offering a cost-effective solution with state-of-the-art performance. The key innovation lies in the analytical expression for the shortest transition length, derived for both SIW and AFSIW cases, facilitating the design process and optimizing transition performance. The effectiveness of the design flow is extensively validated through four design examples, evaluating mode purity, reflection coefficient, and insertion loss. The results demonstrate excellent performances, confirming the accuracy of the approach. Furthermore, a fabricated prototype achieves remarkable results with an insertion loss of 0.35 dB and a relative bandwidth of 40%, exhibiting state-of-the-art performances when compared to reported works in the literature. In summary, the novel design technique enables seamless wide-band transitions from RWG to both SIW and AFSIW, offering a unified approach with state-of-the-art performance.INDEX TERMS Wideband, millimeter-wave, rectangular waveguide, substrate integrated waveguide, air-filled substrate integrated waveguide, RWG to SIW, RWG to AFSIW

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A High-Order EMSIW MIMO Antenna for Space-Constrained 5G Smartphone

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Design Challenges and Possible Solutions for 5G SIW MIMO and Phased Array Antennas: A Review

Design Challenges and Possible Solutions for 5G SIW MIMO and Phased Array Antennas: A Review

A novel reconfigurable H-plane Horn leaky wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide MIMO antenna for K band

A Wideband Transition Design Technique From RWG to SIW Technologies

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