“…However, capitalizing on these advantages requires overcoming atmospheric absorption and multi-path effects, which degrade signal quality [1]. Tilted-beam horn antennas [1], [2] offer a promising solution, particularly those leveraging emerging Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technologies like Air-filled SIW, due to their low profile, superior performance, low cost, manufacturability, and compatibility with planar circuits [3], [4]. Moreover, these antennas offer the potential for developing multi-beam antenna arrays, which are crucial for urban-air mobility (UAM) applications [5].…”