A High-Bandwidth Active Suspension for Motion Sickness Mitigation in Autonomous Vehicles

Ekchian, J. A.; Graves, William; Anderson, Zackary; Giovanardi, Marco; Godwin, Olivia; Kaplan, Janna; Ventura, Joel; Lackner, James R.; DiZio, Paul

doi:10.4271/2016-01-1555

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Processes 2024, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 and φ  ) in the 0.8~8.0 Hz range, shown as Wf: DiZio in Figure 1 [14,15]. This is overlapped with Wk: vertical, 4.0~10.0 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…By replacing the f of Equation ( 12) with (11), Equation ( 12) is transformed into Equation (13). Equation ( 13) is rearranged into another vector-matrix form as in Equation (14). In Equation ( 14), the new matrices, M, K, B, U and L are defined.…”

Section: { }{ }mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another objective of suspension control is to reduce motion sickness in this paper. According to recent studies, motion sickness is caused by combined vibrations along vertical and pitch directions in the 0.8~8.0 Hz frequency range [14,15]. For motion sickness reduction, the a z and .…”

Section: Design Of Lqrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Static Output Feedback Suspension Controllers for Ride Comfort Improvement and Motion Sickness Reduction

Kim,

Yim

2024

Processes

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This paper presents a method to design a static output feedback active suspension controller for ride comfort improvement and motion sickness reduction in a real vehicle system. Full-state feedback controller has shown good performance for active suspension control. However, it requires a lot of states to be measured, which is very difficult in real vehicles. To avoid this problem, a static output feedback (SOF) controller is adopted in this paper. This controller requires only three sensor outputs, vertical velocity, roll and pitch rates, which are relatively easy to measure in real vehicles. Three types of SOF controller are proposed and optimized with linear quadratic optimal control and the simulation optimization method. Two of these controllers have only three gains to be tuned, which are much smaller than those of full-state feedback. To validate the performance of the proposed SOF controllers, a simulation is carried out on a vehicle simulation package. From the results, the proposed SOF controllers are quite good at improving ride comfort and reducing motion sickness.

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“…Processes 2024, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 21 and φ  ) in the 0.8~8.0 Hz range, shown as Wf: DiZio in Figure 1 [14,15]. This is overlapped with Wk: vertical, 4.0~10.0 Hz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: { }{ }mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Static Output Feedback Suspension Controllers for Ride Comfort Improvement and Motion Sickness Reduction

Kim,

Yim

2024

Processes

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“…In public/shared spaces however, posture is investigated from primarily a safety-oriented viewpoint as cases on collision with real world are heightened (Mai & Khamis, 2018;Mathis & Khamis, n.d.). Posture and improper body movement have practical safety and comfort concerns in any transportation system when the real world is obstructed as pointed out by various authors (Chang et al, 2021;Ekchian et al, 2016;J. Li et al, 2021;Vibert et al, 2001).…”

Section: Posture and Head Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of AR-VR use in autonomous cars for user engagements and its effects on posture and vigilance during transit

Muguro¹,

Laksono²,

Sasatake³

et al. 2023

ToTS

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Autonomous driving system (ADS) is anticipated to revolutionize travel by reclaiming lost time and improve safety on the roads. With automation, user-engagements that enhances road monitoring should be considered to maintain vigilance and safety. From the literature, virtual reality (VR) usage in cars offer productivity and increased privacy. This paper explores the efficacy of passenger use of VR headsets to enhance user-engagement during transit. User-engagement was quantified using physiological measures (pupillary response and electrodermal activity) during an in-car VR game/activity experiment. Further, the impacts of engaging with secondary tasks was evaluated using reaction time of pop-up objects. We designed a driving simulation with inbuilt entertaining activities, no-task, game-task, video-task, and mixed-task, played in a real car with a FOVE VR headset on the perimeter track of the Gifu University campus with 15 subjects (average 25.6 years, SD = 6.4).From reaction time, significant difference between tasks was found using one-way ANOVA (F(3,231) = 2.75, p = .0437). A post-hoc test revealed that game and mixed task reaction times were significantly different (p = .0126 and p = .016, respectively) suggesting that task design should consider hazard recognition in a real car. From physiological measures, an increased/sustained effect of user engagement was noted compared with baseline (no-task) suggesting effectiveness in maintaining vigilance. The results also reported a 10-fold improvement in sitting posture compared to baseline. The methodology employed is applicable as an indirect measure of engagement that would find use in productivity and vigilance study in an ADS.

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“…In [17], a fuzzy logic controller is optimized by genetic algorithms to actively control a vehicle suspension system to get enhanced driving, comfort, and handling characteristics. A high-bandwidth force feedback active suspension system was tested in [18] to stabilize the roll, the pitch, and the heave of a vehicle. A reduction of about 68% in MS is reported in the performed laboratory testing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mitigating Motion Sickness in Autonomous Vehicles for Improved Passenger Comfort

Wadi,

Abdel-Hafez,

Jaradat

2024

IEEE Access

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This work investigates a method to mediate the onset of Motion Sickness (MS) in passenger autonomous vehicles. The inertial forces acting on passengers are estimated and then analyzed in order to reduce the problematic MS-inducing components. An approach is devised to suppress how much lateral acceleration is experienced by passengers and, consequently, alleviate the occurrence of MS. This approach requires equipping the passenger vehicle with an adaptive suspension system with active roll compensation. The optimal roll angle for MS mitigation is computed based on accurate sensor-fused inertial estimates using an off-the-shelf inertial navigation solution. The proposed algorithm is shown to suppress and attenuate the problematic MS-inducing region of the spectrum up to two orders of magnitude for some frequencies. Quantifying the improvement in ride comfort in terms of the Motion Sickness Dose Value (MSDV) metric, as defined in standard ISO-2631, it is reported that the MSDV was reduced by 113% on average using our proposed methodology. INDEX TERMSAutonomous vehicles, motion sickness mitigation, adaptive suspension. I. INTRODUCTION M OTION sickness (MS) is a response to real and apparent motion that results in flushing in the facial area, drowsiness, cold sweating, retching, or even vomiting [1]. It can happen to drivers or to passengers, but passengers are more likely to get affected by it. Passengers are more susceptible to MS than the drivers because, during cornering, they tilt their heads according to lateral acceleration direction, while the drivers tilt their heads against it [2], [3]. MS can occur on ground vehicles, water surface vessels, flying vehicles, and even space vehicles. It has been extensively studied over the past century [3]-[6]. In addition, it is an important consideration as interest in and demand for autonomous vehicles increases [7], [8].

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A High-Bandwidth Active Suspension for Motion Sickness Mitigation in Autonomous Vehicles

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Design of Static Output Feedback Suspension Controllers for Ride Comfort Improvement and Motion Sickness Reduction

Design of Static Output Feedback Suspension Controllers for Ride Comfort Improvement and Motion Sickness Reduction

Feasibility of AR-VR use in autonomous cars for user engagements and its effects on posture and vigilance during transit

Mitigating Motion Sickness in Autonomous Vehicles for Improved Passenger Comfort

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