A Hierarchical Routing Scheme With Load Balancing in Software Defined Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Gao, Yangshui; Zhao, Dixian; Zhang, Yi; Luo, Tao

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2884708

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…HRLB (Hierarchical Routing scheme with Load Balancing) [28] proposed a hierarchical geography routing protocol for software defined vehicular networks (SDVN). The SDVN architecture in HRLB is quite simple, in which the data plane consists of vehicles with no roadside units.…”

Section: Centralized Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzzy-Based Distributed Protocol for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Hawbani

Torbosh

Wang

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.

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this paper modeled the multihop data-routing in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANET) as Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in four steps. First, the criteria which have an impact on the performance of the network layer are captured and transformed into fuzzy sets. Second, the fuzzy sets are characterized by Fuzzy Membership Functions(FMF) which are interpolated based on the data collected from massive experimental simulations. Third, the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP) is exploited to identify the relationships among the criteria. Fourth, multiple fuzzy rules are determined and, the TSK inference system is employed to infer and aggregate the final forwarding decision. Through integrating techniques of MCDM, FMF, AHP, and TSK, we designed a distributed and opportunistic data routing protocol, namely, VEFR (Vehicular Environment Fuzzy Router) which targets V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication and runs in two main processes, Road Segment Selection(RSS) and Relay Vehicle Selection(RVS). RSS is intended to select multiple successive junctions through which the packets should travel from the source to the destination, while RVS process is intended to select relay vehicles within the selected road segment. The experimental results showed that our protocol performs and scales well with both network size and density, considering the combined problem of end-to-end packet delivery ratio and end-to-end latency.

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Section: Centralized Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuzzy-Based Distributed Protocol for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Hawbani

Torbosh

Wang

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.

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show abstract

“…Taking a step further, the authors in [37] used a hierarchical routing scheme with a load balancing (HRLB) protocol for SDVN, exploited the advantages of the SDN central controller and designed a hierarchical routing from both global and local perspectives. Given that VANET is a type of low latency-sensitive network, high priority should be given to the latency generated by the architecture and its operation.…”

Section: ) Beacon and Prediction-based Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey: Benefits, Services, Recent Works, Challenges, Security, and Use Cases for SDN-VANET

et al. 2020

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Vehicular communication networks is a powerful tool that enables numerous vehicular data services and applications. The rapid growth in vehicles has also resulted in the vehicular network becoming heterogeneous, dynamic, and large-scale, making it hard to meet the strict requirements, such as extremely latency, high mobility, top security, and enormous connections of the fifth-generation network. Previous studies have shown that with the increase in the application of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) on Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) in industries, researchers have exerted considerable efforts to improve vehicular communications. This study presents an exhaustive review of previous works by classifying them based on based on wireless communication, particularly VANET. First, a concise summary of the VANET structure and SDN controller with layers and details of their infrastructure is provided. Second, a description of SDN-VANET applications in different wireless communications, such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and VANET is provided with concentration on the examination and comparison of SDN-VANET works on several parameters. This paper also provides a detailed analysis of the open issues and research directions accomplished while integrating the VANET with SDN. It also highlights the current and emerging technologies with use cases in vehicular networks to address the several challenges in the VANET infrastructure. This survey acts as a catalyst in raising the emergent robustness routing protocol, latency, connectivity and security issues of future SDN-VANET architectures. INDEX TERMS Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), SDN, 5G, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), routing protocol, connectivity, mobility management, security.

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“…Moreover, UCLR does not consider a method for improving the utilization of the UAV throughput. A hierarchical routing scheme with load balancing (HRLB) has been proposed [ 8 ] as a hierarchical geography routing protocol for software-defined VANETs. HRLB constructs a path cost function with load balancing and maintains two paths with minimal costs from the selected grids.…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, artificial intelligence techniques, which include machine learning, have attracted a significant amount of interest from researchers of various fields [ 8 ]. Among such techniques, reinforcement learning (RL) is being investigated in wireless systems because it provides a solution to optimize the system parameters by learning the surrounding area in a dynamic and complicated wireless environment [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Q-LBR: Q-Learning Based Load Balancing Routing for UAV-Assisted VANET

Roh

Han

Ham

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Although various unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted routing protocols have been proposed for vehicular ad hoc networks, few studies have investigated load balancing algorithms to accommodate future traffic growth and deal with complex dynamic network environments simultaneously. In particular, owing to the extended coverage and clear line-of-sight relay link on a UAV relay node (URN), the possibility of a bottleneck link is high. To prevent problems caused by traffic congestion, we propose Q-learning based load balancing routing (Q-LBR) through a combination of three key techniques, namely, a low-overhead technique for estimating the network load through the queue status obtained from each ground vehicular node by the URN, a load balancing scheme based on Q-learning and a reward control function for rapid convergence of Q-learning. Through diverse simulations, we demonstrate that Q-LBR improves the packet delivery ratio, network utilization and latency by more than 8, 28 and 30%, respectively, compared to the existing protocol.

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A Hierarchical Routing Scheme With Load Balancing in Software Defined Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Fuzzy-Based Distributed Protocol for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

Fuzzy-Based Distributed Protocol for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication

A Comprehensive Survey: Benefits, Services, Recent Works, Challenges, Security, and Use Cases for SDN-VANET

Q-LBR: Q-Learning Based Load Balancing Routing for UAV-Assisted VANET

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