A Heterosis Study for Some Agronomic Traits in Oat

Abstract

The benefits of increased hybrid vigor, which often occur crossing unrelated plants or animals, have been recognized for centuries. In this study, hexaploid oat genotypes E44, K1, and A52 belong to A. sativa and A45 belonging to A. byzantina species were crossed. Heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis values were calculated for 11 traits on 12 hybrids belong to K1 x E44 cross (ten hybrids), K1 x A45 cross (one hybrid) and K1 x A52 cross (one hybrid) with the parents. According to the results, parents varied for all traits while hybrids were varied for flag leaf length (FLL), tiller number (TN), 1000-grain weight (1000-GW), grain number per panicle (GNP), grain weight per panicle (GWP), single plant grain yield (SPGY) and biomass (B). K1 x A52 cross had the highest plant height (PH, 201.0 cm), TN (22) and 1000-GW (47.1 g). On the other hand, the highest stem diameter (SD, 9.0 mm), flag leaf width (FLW, 4.0 cm), panicle length (PL, 53.0 cm), GNP(98.0) and GWP (3.2 g) were obtained from K1 x A45 cross. However, K1 x E44 cross had the highest FLL (42.7 cm), SPGY (42.6 g) and B (108.7 g) values. Heterosis values of the oat crosses were significant for all traits except stem diameter, flag leaf length and panicle length, while stem diameter and panicle length for heterobeltiosis and plant height and stem diameter for standard heterosis. Heterosis values were ranked between -26.8 and 282.3% while heterobeltiosis values were between -45.6 and 248.0%, and standard heterosis values were between -2.7 and 419.0%. The highest heterosis and standard heterosis values (282.3 and 419.0%, respectively) were determined for SPGY in K1 x E44 population, while the highest heterobeltiosis value (248.0%) was determined for biomass in K1 x A52 population.

Response of Oat Cultivars to Ethephon and Boron

“…Genzania had the highest average, reached 69.6 and 76.0 grains head -1 , significantly higher than all other cultivars in the first season, and higher than Shafa and Carrolup in the second season, while Carrolup had the lowest average, reached 39.0 and 43.4 grains head -1 for the two seasons respectively. This finding agree with the results found by Siloriya et al, (22), and Dumlupinar et al, (14) about the different of grains head -1 in oat genotypes. Foliar application of boron in the first season with concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm resulted in significant increases number of grains head -1 than in control with 15.08% and 16.52% respectively, but the concentrations 50 and 100 ppm did not differed significantly ( Table 6).…”

“…These differences could be due to the differences genotype of cultivars that led to the different efficiency of metabolism and transport of storage materials during the grain filling period. Dumlupinar et al, (14) and Chappell et al, (11) found that oat genotypes differed in grain weight. The data shows that there were negative effects of ethephon on the Single grain weight ( Table 7).…”

Studies on Heterosis in Oat

“…Heterobeltiosis for leaf area was found in the ranged -17.48 (JHO851 x OS403) to 24.04 (JHO-99-2 x OL125) of heterobeltiosis was recorded among all the F 1 's for stem girth. The expression of heterosis of similar magnitude for this attribute has also been reported by Kapoor and Bajaj (2013), Mishra et al, (2014) and Dumlupinar et al, (2015).…”

“…Kent x JHO-99-2, Kent x JHO851, Kent x OS403, Kent x UPO212, OS6 x JHO-99-2, JHO-99-2 x JHO851, JHO851 x OL125, JHO851 x UPO212, OS403 x OL125, OL125 x NDO612 and UPO212 x NDO612 noted positive and significant heterosis over better parent for more number of leaves per plant and hybrid JHO-99-2 x OL125 recorded negative significant heterosis over better parent for this character. Estimates of positive heterosis for this character were earlier reported by Dumlupinar et al, (2015). Heterobeltiosis for leaf area was found in the ranged -17.48 (JHO851 x OS403) to 24.04 (JHO-99-2 x OL125) of heterobeltiosis was recorded among all the F 1 's for stem girth.…”

“…Kent x UPO212, JHO-99-2 x JHO851, JHO-99-2 x OS 403 and UPO212 x NDO612 exhibited positive and significant heterosis over better parent, suggested that good performance for this character and two hybrids JHO-99-2 x UPO212 and OS403 x UPO212 revealed negative and significant heterosis over better parent, indicated poor performance for plant height. These results are somewhat in accordance with the findings of Dumlupinar et al, (2015). Heterobeltiosis for number of tillers per plant over the better parent ranged from -18.96 (OS6 x UPO212) to 24.96 (JHO-99-2 x JHO851).…”