A Harmonic Based Pilot Protection Scheme for VSC-MTDC Grids with PWM Converters

Ashouri, Mani; Silva, Filipe Miguel Faria da; Bak, Claus Leth

doi:10.3390/en12061010

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Various DC faults are mentioned for the PV-based DC ring microgrid, and all these faults can be detected by using the TEO. 18 The specialty of TEO is that it can avoid the negative frequency, and provides easy calculation as well as more accurate detection for the non-linear signal. 30 Due to this property, it is used in this paper for detecting various faults (ie, P-P-G, N-P-G, P-P, series, and shunt arc faults).…”

Section: Faults Detection With Teomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, they need a predefined mother wavelet and thus it is very difficult for fault location in DC microgrid. 14,[17][18][19] Extreme learning machine (ELM) and online sequential ELM (OS-ELM) algorithms are good for efficient training, superior classification, and accurate fault location estimation. But the major problem with these algorithms is that they cannot encode more than one layer and they exhibit slow convergence and low accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effective fault distance estimation and diagnosis in the PV based DC‐ring network using Hilbert Huang transform and weighted online sequential random vector functional network

Anjaiah

Dash

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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This paper proposes a novel approach for fault detection, classification, and distance estimation of five kinds of faults (ie, cable and Arc faults) in the PV-based DC-ring microgrid. The proposed approach is based on the Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) and online sequential random vector functional link network (OS-RVFLN). Initially, differential current signals are passed through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to yield intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Among the series of IMFs, more efficient IMFs are selected based on the threshold of maximum weighted kurtosis index (M-WKI) value for fault diagnosis. The selected IMFs are passed through Hilbert transform (HT) for determining the instantaneous frequency, magnitude spectrum, and Hilbert energy. Then, the Teager energy operator (TEO) is applied to the more effective IMF among the selected IMFs of each DC fault for fault detection. The most suitable target features are extracted from the selected efficient IMFs. This feature set data is initialized to the proposed HHT-OSRVFLN algorithm for five kinds of faults classification and its location estimation. The performance of the proposed algorithm in the proposed microgrid is proved in terms of low fault detection time, superior classification accuracy, and low relative error through different case studies by consuming minimum computation time in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Finally, the digital architecture of the proposed method is designed and simulated in Xilinx ISE 14.5 software environment to estimate the fault location. The Chip scope hardware debugging output proves the correctness, simplicity, feasibility, practicability, and robustness of the proposed method for online fault diagnosis.List of Symbols and Abbreviations: R f , fault resistance; Idc 1 , Idc 2 , DC currents; Vdc 1 , Vdc 2 , DC voltages; α 1 , α 2 , attenuation constants; ωd 1 , ωd 2 , damping frequencies; ω n1 , ω n2 , natural frequencies; I 3 , differential current; I avg , average current; SD (k), squared difference; M e (t), mean envelope; E [C(t)], Teager energy of the signal; ω(t), instantaneous frequency; θ(t), phase angle; I b , best IMF; H, hidden layers; β 0 , output weight matrix; Z, output of the signal; d pfd , predicted fault distance; d actl , actual fault distance; t c , computation time; CC, correlation coefficient; EMD, empirical mode decomposition; FPGA, field programmable gate array; HHT, Hilbert Haung transform; ICON, integrator controller; ILA, integrated logic analyzer; IMF, intrinsic mode functions; KI, Kurtosis index; MAC, multiply and accumulate unit; OS-RVFLN, online sequential random vector functional link; TEO, Teager energy operator; VHDL, hardware description language; WKI, weighted kurtosis index.

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Section: Faults Detection With Teomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective fault distance estimation and diagnosis in the PV based DC‐ring network using Hilbert Huang transform and weighted online sequential random vector functional network

Anjaiah

Dash

2021

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…For this purpose, two types of Morphological Gradient (MG) filters are defined as the subtraction of dilated and eroded signals (ρ 1 (f )), as well as the difference between opened and closed waveforms (ρ 2 (f )). They are defined in (11) and (12), respectively [18]:…”

Section: Morphological Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, DWT does not give the fastest and the most accurate fault location results for VSC-HVDC links. In [12], a harmonic-based pilot protection scheme is presented for VSC-HVDC grids, which utilizes HHT for detecting transients. HHT, puts one step further than DWT, and gives information in time-instant frequency domain [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and validation of mathematical morphology filters for single-ended fault localization in VSC-HVDC links

Ashouri

Silva²,

Bak³

2021

Electr Eng

Self Cite

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Fast and accurate fault detection and localization are important topics in voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current transmission (VSC-HVDC) grids in order to isolate the fault after the first milliseconds of occurrence. Common signal-processing methods used for detecting fault traveling wave (TW) peaks like Fourier, S-transform and Wavelet-based techniques, transform the signal into the frequency domain, requiring complicated computations. In this paper, the application of mathematical morphology (MM)-based filters for detecting and locating faults in VSC-HVDC links are studied. MM-based methods analyze the signal in the time domain and detect the wave peaks accurately. Multiple MM-based filters resulted from basic MM operators are presented and used for TW-based fault study in VSCHVDC grids. Several fault cases are applied to the CIGRE VSC-HVDC model in PSCAD and the MMbased scripts are written in MATLAB. The impact of different size and type of the Structuring Element (SE) on the accuracy of peak detection is analyzed. The results show the accuracy of MM filters for detecting and locating fault transient in VSC-HVDC links. The proposed method gives accurate results for both low-impedance and high-impedance faults.

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“…Considering the action speeds of the line protection and the DCCB, the fault current limiting device must be installed to suppress the dc fault propagation and decrease the requirement on the operating speed and capacity of the DCCBs [19,20]. The current‐limiting reactor (CLR) is currently the most used and practical method for limiting the fault current, since it has excellent fault current limiting performance, simple structure and low implementation cost [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiline Fault Current Limiter for DC Line Fault in Multi‐terminal DC Grids

Han

Qin

Zhao

et al. 2023

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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The current-limiting reactor is currently the most used fault current limiting technique to ensure the fault ride-through of the multi-terminal dc grid. However, its configuration will significantly prolong the fault current clearance time and increase the dissipated energy of dc circuit breakers. Therefore, this paper proposes a cost-effective multiline fault current limiter for multiport application in multi-terminal dc grids, which can effectively limit the rising speed of fault current through the integrated currentlimiting reactors without time delay and significantly reduce their negative impacts on the performance of dc circuit breakers by bypassing the current-limiting reactors through the solid-state switch units during the fault current interruption process. The topology and operation process of the multiline fault current limiter are introduced at first. Then, the economic comparison of the proposed device with the existing solutions is presented. Finally, the feasibility and superiorities of the proposed device are verified by extensive simulations and scaled-down experiments.

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A Harmonic Based Pilot Protection Scheme for VSC-MTDC Grids with PWM Converters

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Effective fault distance estimation and diagnosis in the PV based DC‐ring network using Hilbert Huang transform and weighted online sequential random vector functional network

Effective fault distance estimation and diagnosis in the PV based DC‐ring network using Hilbert Huang transform and weighted online sequential random vector functional network

Analysis and validation of mathematical morphology filters for single-ended fault localization in VSC-HVDC links

Multiline Fault Current Limiter for DC Line Fault in Multi‐terminal DC Grids

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