A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments

Pollard, Andrew J.; Bijker, Else M.

doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00479-7

Cited by 943 publications

(940 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…The protection of fast-dividing pathogens relies on LLPC, while the spread of slower pathogens gives enough time for memory B cells to proliferate and differentiate, such as in the case of hepatitis B and probably of SARS-CoV-2 viruses [ 84 ]. In the case of an extremely slow pathogen spread (such as rabies), there is sufficient time for a vaccine to elicit a primary response and in these cases, the active immune response may be protective even when given after infection [ 85 ] (called post-exposure prophylaxis).…”

Section: T Dependent B Cell Memory Intrafollicular B Cell Activatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Levels of Immunological Memory and Their Association with Vaccination

Bugya

Prechl²,

Szénási

et al. 2021

Vaccines

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Immunological memory is divided into many levels to counteract the provocations of diverse and ever-changing infections. Fast functions of effector memory and the superposition of both quantitatively and qualitatively plastic anticipatory memory responses together form the walls of protection against pathogens. Here we provide an overview of the role of different B and T cell subsets and their interplay, the parallel and independent functions of the B1, marginal zone B cells, T-independent- and T-dependent B cell responses, as well as functions of central and effector memory T cells, tissue-resident and follicular helper T cells in the memory responses. Age-related limitations in the immunological memory of these cell types in neonates and the elderly are also discussed. We review how certain aspects of immunological memory and the interactions of components can affect the efficacy of vaccines, in order to link our knowledge of immunological memory with the practical application of vaccination.

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Section: T Dependent B Cell Memory Intrafollicular B Cell Activatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Levels of Immunological Memory and Their Association with Vaccination

Bugya

Prechl²,

Szénási

et al. 2021

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recently, two lipid nanoparticle-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA vaccines were developed against SARS-CoV-2 [48,50]. These vaccines, BNT162b1 and BNT162b2, containing mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain and membrane-anchored SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike protein, respectively, were tested in clinical studies (Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04368728, NCT04368728) and were shown to be safe and immunogenic [57]. This demonstrates that NVs can be used as a platform for developing vaccines against emerging infections, given their desired features including prolonged stability, immunogenicity and a non-invasive route of administration [58][59][60].…”

Section: Vaccine Delivery Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Microvesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates

Shkair

Garanina

Stott

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The prevention and control of infectious diseases is crucial to the maintenance and protection of social and public healthcare. The global impact of SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated how outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging infections can lead to pandemics of significant public health and socio-economic burden. Vaccination is one of the most effective approaches to protect against infectious diseases, and to date, multiple vaccines have been successfully used to protect against and eradicate both viral and bacterial pathogens. The main criterion of vaccine efficacy is the induction of specific humoral and cellular immune responses, and it is well established that immunogenicity depends on the type of vaccine as well as the route of delivery. In addition, antigen delivery to immune organs and the site of injection can potentiate efficacy of the vaccine. In light of this, microvesicles have been suggested as potential vehicles for antigen delivery as they can carry various immunogenic molecules including proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides directly to target cells. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of microvesicle biogenesis and the role of microvesicles in infectious diseases. Further, we discuss the application of microvesicles as a novel and effective vaccine delivery system.

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“…The efforts to create effective adjuvants have focused on the use of microbial compounds and selective TLR ligands [42][43][44]. However, PRRs are not only expressed on APCs but on a wide variety of myeloid cells, including neutrophils [45], monocytes [46,47], and macrophages [46], as well as nonimmune cells such as endothelial cells [48].…”

Section: Dcs Are Crucial For Effective Helper and Cytotoxic T-cell Acmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cell Tumor Vaccination via Fc Gamma Receptor Targeting: Lessons Learned from Pre-Clinical and Translational Studies

2021

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Despite significant recent improvements in the field of immunotherapy, cancer remains a heavy burden on patients and healthcare systems. In recent years, immunotherapies have led to remarkable strides in treating certain cancers. However, despite the success of checkpoint inhibitors and the advent of cellular therapies, novel strategies need to be explored to (1) improve treatment in patients where these approaches fail and (2) make such treatments widely and financially accessible. Vaccines based on tumor antigens (Ag) have emerged as an innovative strategy with the potential to address these areas. Here, we review the fundamental aspects relevant for the development of cancer vaccines and the critical role of dendritic cells (DCs) in this process. We first offer a general overview of DC biology and routes of Ag presentation eliciting effective T cell-mediated immune responses. We then present new therapeutic avenues specifically targeting Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) as a means to deliver antigen selectively to DCs and its effects on T-cell activation. We present an overview of the mechanistic aspects of FcγR-mediated DC targeting, as well as potential tumor vaccination strategies based on preclinical and translational studies. In particular, we highlight recent developments in the field of recombinant immune complex-like large molecules and their potential for DC-mediated tumor vaccination in the clinic. These findings go beyond cancer research and may be of relevance for other disease areas that could benefit from FcγR-targeted antigen delivery, such as autoimmunity and infectious diseases.

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A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments

Cited by 943 publications

References 129 publications

Multiple Levels of Immunological Memory and Their Association with Vaccination

Multiple Levels of Immunological Memory and Their Association with Vaccination

Membrane Microvesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates

Dendritic Cell Tumor Vaccination via Fc Gamma Receptor Targeting: Lessons Learned from Pre-Clinical and Translational Studies

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