A guide to oral vaccination: Highlighting electrospraying as a promising manufacturing technique toward a successful oral vaccine development

Aldossary, Ahmad M.; Ekweremadu, Chinedu; Offe, Ifunanya M.; Alfassam, Haya A.; Han, Shuai D.; Onyali, Vivian; Ozoude, Chukwuebuka H.; Ayeni, Emmanuel Ayodeji; Nwagwu, Chinekwu Sherridan; Halwani, Abdulrahman A.; Almozain, Nada H.; Tawfik, Essam A.

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.03.010

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…24 Collectively, the gut immune system provides a site for major immune events of cellular uptake and antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and activation of B and T lymphocytes to form the adaptive immune response. 25 Since the mucosal surface is exposed and susceptible to infection, GALT specifically offers a rapid local immune response against infections and limits inflammation induced by nonharmful antigenic stimuli, such as those from the intestinal microbiome. Gut barrier functions may be altered in gastrointestinal disorders.…”

Section: Intestinal Immunity and Gi Barrier Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GI tract has an intrinsic immune system that includes innate and adaptive immune cells in the lamina propria, mesenteric lymph nodes, and gut-associated tertiary lymphoid tissues (GALT), such as Peyer’s patches . Collectively, the gut immune system provides a site for major immune events of cellular uptake and antigen presentation by macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), and activation of B and T lymphocytes to form the adaptive immune response . Since the mucosal surface is exposed and susceptible to infection, GALT specifically offers a rapid local immune response against infections and limits inflammation induced by nonharmful antigenic stimuli, such as those from the intestinal microbiome.…”

Section: Intestinal Immunity and Gi Barrier Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective

2023

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Oral drug administration has been a popular choice due to patient compliance and limited clinical resources. Orally delivered drugs must circumvent the harsh gastrointestinal (GI) environment to effectively enter the systemic circulation.The GI tract has a number of structural and physiological barriers that limit drug bioavailability including mucus, the tightly regulated epithelial layer, immune cells, and associated vasculature. Nanoparticles have been used to enhance oral bioavailability of drugs, as they can act as a shield to the harsh GI environment and prevent early degradation while also increasing uptake and transport of drugs across the intestinal epithelium. Evidence suggests that different nanoparticle formulations may be transported via different intracellular mechanisms to cross the intestinal epithelium. Despite the existence of a significant body of work on intestinal transport of nanoparticles, many key questions remain: What causes the poor bioavailability of the oral drugs? What factors contribute to the ability of a nanoparticle to cross different intestinal barriers? Do nanoparticle properties such as size and charge influence the type of endocytic pathways taken? In this Review, we summarize the different components of intestinal barriers and the types of nanoparticles developed for oral delivery. In particular, we focus on the various intracellular pathways used in nanoparticle internalization and nanoparticle or cargo translocation across the epithelium. Understanding the gut barrier, nanoparticle characteristics, and transport pathways may lead to the development of more therapeutically useful nanoparticles as drug carriers.

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Section: Intestinal Immunity and Gi Barrier Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal Immunity and Gi Barrier Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective

2023

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“…The exploration of commensal clostridia for oral vaccination holds great promise in medical applications, presenting a novel avenue beyond the extensively studied E. coli , Salmonella , and lactic acid bacteria in prokaryotic oral vaccination research [ 35 – 37 ]. The primary advantage of oral vaccination lies in its potential to induce mucosal immunity, the body’s first line of defence against many pathogens entering through mucosal surfaces [ 38 , 39 ]. Additionally, practical benefits include easier administration, higher patient compliance, reduced logistical costs, elimination of needle-stick injuries, possibility for self-administration, and a painless, non-invasive experience, making it particularly advantageous in resource-limited areas and for individuals with needle phobia [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplex genetic manipulations in Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium sporogenes to secrete recombinant antigen proteins for oral-spore vaccination

Zhang,

Bailey,

Hittmeyer

et al. 2024

Microb Cell Fact

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Background Clostridium spp. has demonstrated therapeutic potential in cancer treatment through intravenous or intratumoral administration. This approach has expanded to include non-pathogenic clostridia for the treatment of various diseases, underscoring the innovative concept of oral-spore vaccination using clostridia. Recent advancements in the field of synthetic biology have significantly enhanced the development of Clostridium-based bio-therapeutics. These advancements are particularly notable in the areas of efficient protein overexpression and secretion, which are crucial for the feasibility of oral vaccination strategies. Here, we present two examples of genetically engineered Clostridium candidates: one as an oral cancer vaccine and the other as an antiviral oral vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Results Using five validated promoters and a signal peptide derived from Clostridium sporogenes, a series of full-length NY-ESO-1/CTAG1, a promising cancer vaccine candidate, expression vectors were constructed and transformed into C. sporogenes and Clostridium butyricum. Western blotting analysis confirmed efficient expression and secretion of NY-ESO-1 in clostridia, with specific promoters leading to enhanced detection signals. Additionally, the fusion of a reported bacterial adjuvant to NY-ESO-1 for improved immune recognition led to the cloning difficulties in E. coli. The use of an AUU start codon successfully mitigated potential toxicity issues in E. coli, enabling the secretion of recombinant proteins in C. sporogenes and C. butyricum. We further demonstrate the successful replacement of PyrE loci with high-expression cassettes carrying NY-ESO-1 and adjuvant-fused NY-ESO-1, achieving plasmid-free clostridia capable of secreting the antigens. Lastly, the study successfully extends its multiplex genetic manipulations to engineer clostridia for the secretion of SARS-CoV-2-related Spike_S1 antigens. Conclusions This study successfully demonstrated that C. butyricum and C. sporogenes can produce the two recombinant antigen proteins (NY-ESO-1 and SARS-CoV-2-related Spike_S1 antigens) through genetic manipulations, utilizing the AUU start codon. This approach overcomes challenges in cloning difficult proteins in E. coli. These findings underscore the feasibility of harnessing commensal clostridia for antigen protein secretion, emphasizing the applicability of non-canonical translation initiation across diverse species with broad implications for medical or industrial biotechnology.

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“…Electrospray technology, an electrostatically driven microfluidic device, has been widely used to prepare polymer microspheres and composite microspheres [ 36 , 49 ]. Electrospray device is mainly formed by a collection substrate, metal nozzle, syringe pump and high-voltage power supply [ 37 , 50 ].…”

Section: Preparation Of Microspheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Biomedical Microspheres in Wound Healing

Yang

Zhang

Gan

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Tissue injury, one of the most common traumatic injuries in daily life, easily leads to secondary wound infections. To promote wound healing and reduce scarring, various kinds of wound dressings, such as gauze, bandages, sponges, patches, and microspheres, have been developed for wound healing. Among them, microsphere-based tissue dressings have attracted increasing attention due to the advantage of easy to fabricate, excellent physicochemical performance and superior drug release ability. In this review, we first introduced the common methods for microspheres preparation, such as emulsification-solvent method, electrospray method, microfluidic technology as well as phase separation methods. Next, we summarized the common biomaterials for the fabrication of the microspheres including natural polymers and synthetic polymers. Then, we presented the application of the various microspheres from different processing methods in wound healing and other applications. Finally, we analyzed the limitations and discussed the future development direction of microspheres in the future.

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A guide to oral vaccination: Highlighting electrospraying as a promising manufacturing technique toward a successful oral vaccine development

Cited by 5 publications

References 171 publications

Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective

Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Transport across Intestinal Tissue: An Oral Delivery Perspective

Multiplex genetic manipulations in Clostridium butyricum and Clostridium sporogenes to secrete recombinant antigen proteins for oral-spore vaccination

Application of Biomedical Microspheres in Wound Healing

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