A green molecular imprinted solid‐phase extraction protocol for bisphenol A monitoring with HPLC‐UV to guarantee the quality and safety of walnuts under different storage conditions

Abstract

Monitoring the residual toxicant concentrations in foods is the key step for minimizing potential hazards. The huge interest about food contamination and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A has emerged the development of sensitive analytical methodologies to guarantee the safety and quality of foods. In this work, a green molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction protocol coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was optimized following the principles of green analytical chemistry. An imprinted sol-gel silica-based hybrid inorganic-organic polymeric sorbent was used to monitor the leaching of bisphenol A from different packaging materials (glass vessels, cans, and polypropylene containers) in walnuts stored within a period of 6 months at 25 and 4 • C. Extraction parameters including loading time (5-20 min), solvent type (acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile:methanol, 50:50, v/v), and elution flow rate (0.2-1 mL/min) were optimized with one-factor-at-a-time method. The selected extraction optimum parameters incorporated elution with acetonitrile at 0.2 mL/min flow rate, for 10 min sample holding time. The imprinting factor was equal to 4.55 ± 0.26 (n = 3). The optimized method presented high recovery (94.3 ± 4.2%, n = 3), good linearity (>0.999), intra-assay repeatability (90.2-95.6%, n = 3), and interassay precision (86.7-93.1%, n = 3).

Βisphenol A and its analogs migrated from contact materials into food and beverages: An updated review in sample preparation approaches

“…Various matrices are in the spotlight of different research groups for the determination of BPA and its analogs in literature. These include environmental samples, food samples as well as matrices of bioanalytical interest [8][9][10][11]. Different analytical techniques have been used for the determination of bisphenol analogs in numerous samples.…”

Simple high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet method for simultaneous separation and detection of 14 bisphenol pollutants in building materials

“…HPLC is one of the most widely used methods for detecting BPs [25–27], particularly when coupled with MS [28]. Li et al.…”

“…HPLC is one of the most widely used methods for detecting BPs [25][26][27], particularly when coupled with MS [28]. Li et al reported using β-cyclodextrin polymer as the sorbent for solid phase extraction, HPLC with an ultraviolet detector (UV) could achieve analysis of BPA, BPF, and BPAF in water samples and orange juice with limits of detection (LODs) of 0.15 ng/ml [29].…”

Computational modeling, fabrication, and characterization of the deep eutectic solvent‐based green molecular cage for selective metronidazole extraction from plasma followed by UHPLC with diode array detector determination

“…In this approach, recognition regions are synthesized by the imprinting process, which generates a highly selective sorbent compared to other compounds with a similar structure [6]. Due to their exceptional selectivity, MIPs have been utilized as sorbents in the molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction (MISPE) technique for the recognition, separation, extraction, and purification of various compounds [10]. MIPs have become prevalent due to multiple benefits and characteristics such as fast kinetics, acidic and basic media stability, thermal stability, chemical, and mechanical durability, broad solvent adaptability, high loading capacity and specificity, simplicity of synthesis, and low cost [9].…”