A GPU Sub-pixel Algorithm for Autostereoscopic Virtual Reality

Kooima, Robert; Peterka, Tom; Girado, Javier; Ge, Jinghua; Sandin, Daniel J.; DeFanti, Thomas A.

doi:10.1109/vr.2007.352473

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Varrier Combiner [1], [8] is named for its deferred order of operation. Individual eye images are rendered to off-screen buffers, and then these buffers are combined in a final step.…”

Section: Computational Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphics hardware consists of a dual-output NVIDIA Quadro FX3000 card per node. Image channels were rendered initially with the floating point Varrier 1/1 algorithm [3], then with the Varrier 3/3 and Varrier 4/1 subpixel algorithms, and currently by Varrier Combiner [1], [8] algorithm. The CV-35 still supports research and is a popular demonstration stop for EVL visitors.…”

Section: Cv-35 (2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the Varrier autostereoscopic VR display: 2001-2007

Peterka

Kooima

Girado

et al. 2007

Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV

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Autostereoscopy (AS) is an increasingly valuable virtual reality (VR) display technology; indeed, the IS&T / SPIE Electronic Imaging Conference has seen rapid growth in the number and scope of AS papers in recent years. The first Varrier paper appeared at SPIE in 2001, and much has changed since then. What began as a single-panel prototype has grown to a full scale VR autostereo display system, with a variety of form factors, features, and options. Varrier is a barrier strip AS display system that qualifies as a true VR display, offering a head-tracked ortho-stereo first person interactive VR experience without the need for glasses or other gear to be worn by the user.Since Varrier's inception, new algorithmic and systemic developments have produced performance and quality improvements. Visual acuity has increased by a factor of 1.4X with new fine-resolution barrier strip linescreens and computational algorithms that support variable sub-pixel resolutions. Performance has improved by a factor of 3X using a new GPU shader-based sub-pixel algorithm that accomplishes in one pass what previously required three passes. The Varrier modulation algorithm that began as a computationally expensive task is now no more costly than conventional stereoscopic rendering. Interactive rendering rates of 60 Hz are now possible in Varrier for complex scene geometry on the order of 100K vertices, and performance is GPU bound, hence it is expected to continue improving with graphics card enhancements.Head tracking is accomplished with a neural network camera-based tracking system developed at EVL for Varrier. Multiple cameras capture subjects at 120 Hz and the neural network recognizes known faces from a database and tracks them in 3D space. New faces are trained and added to the database in a matter of minutes, and accuracy is comparable to commercially available tracking systems.Varrier supports a variety of VR applications, including visualization of polygonal, ray traced, and volume rendered data. Both AS movie playback of pre-rendered stereo frames and interactive manipulation of 3D models are supported. Local as well as distributed computation is employed in various applications. Long-distance collaboration has been demonstrated with AS teleconferencing in Varrier. A variety of application domains such as art, medicine, and science have been exhibited, and Varrier exists in a variety of form factors from large tiled installations to smaller desktop forms to fit a variety of space and budget constraints.Newest developments include the use of a dynamic parallax barrier that affords features that were inconceivable with a static barrier. Vol. 6490, 649004, © 2007 SPIE-IS&T · 0277-786X/07/$18 SPIE-IS&T/ Vol. 6490 649004-1 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/28/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx SPIE-IS&T/ Vol. 6490 649004-2 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/ on 06/28/2016 Terms of Use: http://spiedigitallibrary.org/ss/TermsOfUse.aspx SPIE-IS&T/ V...

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“…Varrier Combiner [1], [8] is named for its deferred order of operation. Individual eye images are rendered to off-screen buffers, and then these buffers are combined in a final step.…”

Section: Computational Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cv-35 (2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the Varrier autostereoscopic VR display: 2001-2007

Peterka

Kooima

Girado

et al. 2007

Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems XIV

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For a passive barrier, dvc includes the autostereo combiner method of Kooima et al 33 to spatially combine left-and right-eye images into an interleaved autostereo image that is calibrated for the physical parameters of the parallax barrier. In the future, we intend to include support for multiview panoramagrams in dvc, enabling more than two image channels.…”

Section: Remote Display Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Autostereoscopic display of large-scale scientific visualization

Peterka

Ross

et al. 2009

SPIE Proceedings

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Modern computational science poses two challenges for scientific visualization: managing the size of resulting datasets and extracting maximum knowledge from them. While our team attacks the first problem by implementing parallel visualization algorithms on supercomputing architectures at vast scale, we are experimenting with autostereoscopic display technology to aid scientists in the second challenge. We are building a visualization framework connecting parallel visualization algorithms running on one of the world's most powerful supercomputers with high-quality autostereo display systems. This paper is a case study of the development of an end-to-end solution that couples scalable volume rendering on thousands of supercomputer cores to the scientists' interaction with autostereo volume rendering at their desktops and larger display spaces. We discuss modifications to our volume rendering algorithm to produce perspective stereo images, their transport from supercomputer to display system, and the scientists' 3D interactions. A lightweight display client software architecture supports a variety of monoscopic and autostereoscopic display technologies through a flexible configuration framework. This case study provides a foundation that future research can build upon in order to examine how autostereo immersion in scientific data can improve understanding and perhaps enable new discoveries.

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“…So it is necessary to render target at least three times to achieve a nine viewpoints autostereoscopic image. Also, some people accomplished the task by using OpenGL selecting the max sub-pixel between two parallax frames [7] . But the stability of OpenGL applying depends mostly on personal computer hardware drivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time autostereoscopic display method based on partial sub-pixel by general GPU processing

2013

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With the progress of 3D technology, the huge computing capacity for the real-time autostereoscopic display is required. Because of complicated sub-pixel allocating, masks providing arranged sub-pixels are fabricated to reduce real-time computation. However, the binary mask has inherent drawbacks. In order to solve these problems, weighted masks are used in displaying based on partial sub-pixel. Nevertheless, the corresponding computations will be tremendously growing and unbearable for CPU. To improve calculating speed, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) processing with parallel computing ability is adopted. Here the principle of partial sub-pixel is presented, and the texture array of Direct3D 10 is used to increase the number of computable textures. When dealing with a HD display and multi-viewpoints, a low level GPU is still able to permit a fluent real time displaying, while the performance of high level CPU is really not acceptable. Meanwhile, after using texture array, the performance of D3D10 could be double, and sometimes be triple faster than D3D9. There are several distinguishing features for the proposed method, such as the good portability, less overhead and good stability. The GPU display system could also be used for the future Ultra HD autostereoscopic display.

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A GPU Sub-pixel Algorithm for Autostereoscopic Virtual Reality

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Evolution of the Varrier autostereoscopic VR display: 2001-2007

Evolution of the Varrier autostereoscopic VR display: 2001-2007

Autostereoscopic display of large-scale scientific visualization

A real-time autostereoscopic display method based on partial sub-pixel by general GPU processing

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