A global perspective on non-autochthonous canine and feline Leishmania infection and leishmaniosis in the 21st century

Rocha, Rafael; Pereira, André; Maia, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106710

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Some veterinary practitioners in high endemicity areas consider that the time required and the lack of financial compensation are discouraging factors for reporting cases (personal communication). There is evidence that sand fly vectors and CanL in Europe are slowly spreading to more northernly and higher altitude areas as a result of climate change making wider areas suitable for sand flies, and relocation of infected animal between regions [7,[158][159][160][161][162]. The risk of CanL establishing local transmission of L. infantum in a non-endemic region with competent vectors, following the introduction of an infected dog was considered very high [163].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The estimated distribution of autochthonous leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in Europe in 2005–2020

et al. 2023

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Background This study describes the spatial and temporal distribution between 2005 and 2020 of human and animal leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in European countries reporting autochthonous cases, and highlights potential activities to improve disease control. Methodology/Principal findings It was based on a review of the scientific literature and data reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) and the Ministries of Health, including hospital discharges in some countries. Autochthonous infections were reported in the scientific literature from 22 countries, including 13 and 21 countries reporting human and animal infections, respectively. In contrast, only 17 countries reported autochthonous human leishmaniasis cases to the WHO and 8 countries animal infections to the WOAH. The number of WOAH reported cases were 4,203, comprising 4,183 canine cases and 20 cases in wildlife. Of 8,367 WHO reported human cases, 69% were visceral leishmaniasis cases—of which 94% were autochthonous—and 31% cutaneous leishmaniasis cases—of which 53% were imported and mostly in France. The resulting cumulative incidence per 100,000 population of visceral leishmaniasis between 2005–2020, was highest in Albania (2.15 cases), followed by Montenegro, Malta, Greece, Spain and North Macedonia (0.53–0.42), Italy (0.16), Portugal (0.09) and lower in other endemic countries (0.07–0.002). However, according to hospital discharges, the estimated human leishmaniasis incidence was 0.70 in Italy and visceral leishmaniasis incidences were 0.67 in Spain and 0.41 in Portugal. Conclusions/Significance Overall, there was no evidence of widespread increased incidence of autochthonous human leishmaniasis by L. infantum in European countries. Visceral leishmaniasis incidence followed a decreasing trend in Albania, Italy and Portugal, and peaked in Greece in 2013, 2014 and 2017, and in Spain in 2006–2007 and 2011–2013. Animal and human cutaneous leishmaniasis remain highly underreported. In humans, hospital discharge databases provide the most accurate information on visceral leishmaniasis and may be a valuable indirect source of information to identify hotspots of animal leishmaniasis. Integrated leishmaniasis surveillance and reporting following the One Health approach, needs to be enhanced in order to improve disease control.

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Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The estimated distribution of autochthonous leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in Europe in 2005–2020

et al. 2023

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“…Domestic animals are the reservoirs for many parasites, and parasitic diseases are major threats to the health of these animals as well as the global animal husbandry industry ( 8 , 34 – 36 ). However, whether these parasites carry known or novel viruses and have an impact on parasite biology and pathogenesis remains largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diverse Virome Is Identified in Parasitic Flatworms of Domestic Animals in Xinjiang, China

Zhang

Cao

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Characterizing the virome of parasites is important for unveiling the viral diversity, evolution, and ecology and will help to understand the “Russian doll” pattern among viruses, parasites, and host animals. Our data indicate that diverse viruses are present in specific parasitic flatworms, including viruses that may have an ancient evolutionary history and viruses currently circulating in parasite-infected host animals.

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“…64 However, notification of cases is not compulsory, and under-reporting and imported cases are common. 65 , 66 , 67 Sandfly species tend to be located in regions with periodic temperatures above 15°C, although optimum climatic conditions for vector activity 68 , 69 and parasite development 70 , 71 vary between species. Under future climate change, many sandfly species are expected to further expand their range in Europe; geographical extensions into northern regions and higher altitudes are already reported.…”

Section: Section 1: Climate Change Impacts Exposures and Vulnerabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action

van Daalen,

Tonne,

Semenza

et al. 2024

The Lancet Public Health

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A global perspective on non-autochthonous canine and feline Leishmania infection and leishmaniosis in the 21st century

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

The estimated distribution of autochthonous leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in Europe in 2005–2020

The estimated distribution of autochthonous leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum in Europe in 2005–2020

A Diverse Virome Is Identified in Parasitic Flatworms of Domestic Animals in Xinjiang, China

The 2024 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: unprecedented warming demands unprecedented action

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