A global off-line model of size-resolved aerosol microphysics: I. Model development and prediction of aerosol properties

Spracklen, D. V.; Pringle, K. J.; Carslaw, K. S.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Mann, G. W.

doi:10.5194/acpd-5-179-2005

Cited by 42 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The cause of the high particle concentrations in the FT and UT is the increasing nucleation rate with altitude, which is well recognized from observations (Clarke and Kapustin, 2002;Schröder et al, 2002;Hermann et al, 2008) and models (Adams and Seinfeld, 2002;Lucas and Prinn, 2003;Spracklen et al, 2005a, b;Stier et al, 2005). In our model the observed increase in particle concentration with altitude is well captured by assuming binary homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid-water particles (Spracklen et al, 2005a). Other studies have suggested that ion-induced nucleation may be partly or wholly the cause (Lee et al, 2003;Curtius, 2006;Yu, 2006).…”

Section: Model Descriptionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Variable CCN formation potential of regional sulfur emissions

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Aerosols are short lived so their geographical distribution and impact on climate depends on where they are emitted. Previous model studies have shown that the mass of sulfate aerosol produced per unit sulfur emission (the sulfate burden potential) and the associated direct radiative forcing vary regionally because of differences in meteorology and photochemistry. Using a global model of aerosol microphysics, we show that the total number of aerosol particles produced per unit sulfur emission (the aerosol number potential) has a different regional variation to that of sulfate mass. The aerosol number potential of N. American and Asian emissions is calculated to be a factor of 3 to 4 times greater than that of European emissions, even though Europe has a higher sulfate burden potential. Pollution from N. America and Asia tends to reach higher altitudes than European pollution so forms more new particles through nucleation. Regional differences in particle production and growth mean that sulfur emissions from N. America and E. Asia produce 50 nm diameter cloud condensation nuclei up to 70% more efficiently than Europe. For 80 nm diameter CCN, N. America and Europe produce CCN 2.5 times more efficiently than E. Asia. The impact of regional sulfur emissions on particle concentrations is also much more widely spread than the impact on sulfate mass, due to efficient particle production in the free troposphere during long range transport. These results imply that regional sulfur emissions will have different climate forcing potentials through changes in cloud drop number.

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Section: Model Descriptionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Variable CCN formation potential of regional sulfur emissions

et al. 2009

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“…[6] The GLOMAP aerosol model simulates the emission, transport, microphysical processes and removal of sizeresolved aerosol on a global scale with a horizontal resolution of 2.8°Â 2.8°and 31 vertical levels [Spracklen et al, 2005]. The model has been shown to agree well with particle size distribution observations over the remote SH oceans [Spracklen et al, 2007] and to reproduce the seasonal cycle of CCN at Cape Grim, Tasmania [Korhonen et al, 2008].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Aerosol climate feedback due to decadal increases in Southern Hemisphere wind speeds

Korhonen

Carslaw

Forster

et al. 2010

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] Observations indicate that the westerly jet in the Southern Hemisphere troposphere is accelerating. Using a global aerosol model we estimate that the increase in wind speed of 0.45 ± 0.2 m s À1 decade À1 at 50-65°S since the early 1980s caused a higher sea spray flux, resulting in an increase of cloud condensation nucleus concentrations of more than 85% in some regions, and of 22% on average between 50 and 65°S. These fractional increases are similar in magnitude to the decreases over many northern hemisphere land areas due to changes in air pollution over the same period. The change in cloud drop concentrations causes an increase in cloud reflectivity and a summertime radiative forcing between at 50 and 65°S comparable in magnitude but acting against that from greenhouse gas forcing over the same time period, and thus represents a substantial negative climate feedback. However, recovery of Antarctic ozone depletion in the next two decades will likely cause a fall in wind speeds, a decrease in cloud drop concentration and a correspondingly weaker cloud feedback. Citation: Korhonen, H., K. S. Carslaw, P. M.Forster, S. Mikkonen, N. D. Gordon, and H. Kokkola (2010), Aerosol climate feedback due to decadal increases in Southern Hemisphere wind speeds, Geophys. Res. Lett.,

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“…This causes a sizable increase in sea-salt concentration in these areas (75% and 51% increases in sea-salt burdens poleward 60 • N and 60 • S, respectively) in response to a doubling of CO 2 . Given that sea salt particles comprise a significant fraction of CCN concentrations in these regions (e.g., Spracklen et al, 2005), such large changes are likely to cause a large forcing through changes in cloud drop number (Korhonen et al, 2010).…”

Section: Sea Salt Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current global aerosol microphysics models (e.g., Spracklen et al, 2005;Adams and Seinfeld, 2002;Stier et al, 2005) include the microphysical processes needed to simulate such processes explicitly. Using such a 3-D model, Korhonen et al (2008) were able to reproduce the observed CCN seasonal cycle at Cape Grim (Ayers et al, 1997) and estimated a peak (summer) zonal mean contribution of DMS to marine boundary layer (MBL) CCN in the Southern Ocean of between 18 and 46% depending on latitude, which is less than the 80% estimated from satellite observations (Vallina et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Impact Of Dms On Atmospheric Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

et al. 2010

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Abstract.The natural environment is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, including dust, secondary organic material from terrestrial biogenic emissions, carbonaceous particles from wildfires, and sulphate from marine phytoplankton dimethyl sulphide emissions. These aerosols also have a significant effect on many components of the Earth system such as the atmospheric radiative balance and photosynthetically available radiation entering the biosphere, the supply of nutrients to the ocean, and the albedo of snow and ice. The physical and biological systems that produce these aerosols can be highly susceptible to modification due to climate change so there is the potential for important climate feedbacks. We review the impact of these natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate. The number of drivers of change is very large and the various systems are strongly coupled. There have therefore been very few studies that integrate the various effects to estimate climate feedback factors. Nevertheless, available observations and model studies suggest that the regional radiative perturbations are potentially several Watts per square metre due to changes in these natural aerosol emissions in a future climate. Taking into account only the direct radiative effect of changes in the atmospheric burden of natural aerosols, and neglecting potentially large effects on other parts of the Earth system, a global mean radiative perturbation approaching 1 W m −2 is possible by the end of the century. The level of scientific understanding of the climate drivers, interactions and impacts is very low.

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A global off-line model of size-resolved aerosol microphysics: I. Model development and prediction of aerosol properties

Cited by 42 publications

References 64 publications

Variable CCN formation potential of regional sulfur emissions

Variable CCN formation potential of regional sulfur emissions

Aerosol climate feedback due to decadal increases in Southern Hemisphere wind speeds

A review of natural aerosol interactions and feedbacks within the Earth system

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