A GIS model for predicting wetland habitat in the Great Basin at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and implications for Paleoindian archaeology

Duke, Daron; King, Jerome

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.05.012

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Researchers working in the Great Basin (e.g., Campbell et al, 1937; Bedwell, 1973; Willig, 1988; Adams et al, 2008; Smith and Barker, 2017) have long recognized a relationship between these lake systems and early human populations. Sites containing Clovis and Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points are often found on relict lakeshores (Jones and Beck, 2012; Duke and King, 2014), but with few stratified open-air sites dating to the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, our understanding of Paleoindian chronology, adaptation, and land use relies heavily on our understanding of lake histories (Adams et al, 2008). Knowing lake levels during specific periods elucidates which landforms were available for occupation and the likely distribution patterns of plants, animals, and critical marsh resources, which require particular water depth and bathymetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Wriston

Smith

2017

Quat. res.

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During the late Pleistocene, Warner Valley (Oregon, USA) was filled by Lake Warner; however, little is known about its rise and fall and how its changing lake levels effected the distribution of the valley’s earliest occupants. The discovery of Paleoindian projectile points along ancient shorelines of the lake spurred us to examine them for geochronological controls to aid in constructing the lake’s history. We found that Lake Warner filled the valley floor between ca. 30,000 and 10,300 cal yr BP, probably reaching its maximum ca. 17,000–16,100 cal yr BP before it began to recede. People arrived with Clovis and Western Stemmed Tradition (WST) projectile points before ca. 12,800 cal yr BP, around the time the lake stalled in its retreat. When the lake continued its decline, people using WST points followed it southward into the valley floor, where dune-and-slough topography began developing ca. 10,300 cal yr BP in response to episodic wetting and drying during the early Holocene. By the time Mazama tephra fell, ca. 7600 cal yr BP, the once large lake was divided into a series of small lakes, ponds, and sloughs that attracted people to their abundant resources of endemic fish and marsh plants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Wriston

Smith

2017

Quat. res.

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“…Information on TP‐EH environmental dynamics is essential for understanding how these early hunter‐gatherer societies adapted to different landscapes in the Great Basin (Duke and King, 2014; Elston et al ., 2014; Madsen, 2016; Smith et al ., 2020). Although TP‐EH environmental history is reasonably well understood in some parts of the Great Basin (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Pleistocene–Holocene climate shifts on vegetation and fire dynamics and its implications for Prearchaic humans in the central Great Basin, USA

Brügger

Rhode

2020

J Quaternary Science

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The effects of climate change during the Terminal Pleistocene-Early Holocene transition on ecosystems and early Prearchaic hunter-gatherers in the central Great Basin of North America are not well understood. We present a palynological reconstruction of regional vegetation and fire history in Grass Valley, central Nevada, from~14 to~7.5k cal a BP showing that Pinus-dominated woodlands were replaced by dry-adapted steppe and desert vegetation accompanied by an increase in regional fire activity at the beginning of the Holocene, in response to summer warming and a drying climate. Following a severe drought period peaking~10.2-9.3k cal a BP, Pinus woodlands partially recovered contemporaneously with the 8.2k cal a BP climate anomaly. Local wetlands provided important resource patches for human foraging societies, and periodic declines of wetlands in response to changing local hydrological conditions may have necessitated adjustments in subsistence and settlement practices and technology.

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“…Currently, APM represents a powerful tool for preventive archaeology [4], cultural heritage management [5,6] and improving national-scale archaeological inventories [7,8]. APMs have been used successfully in different geographical areas of the globe including Africa [9,10], Europe [1,[11][12][13], Asia [14,15] and America [16][17][18]. Different intuitive (qualitative) and quantitative statistical methods have been used to identify the locations of archaeological settlements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-Based and Statistical Approaches in Archaeological Predictive Modelling (NE Romania)

2019

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Archaeological predictive modelling (APM) is an important method for archaeological research and cultural heritage management. This study tests the viability of a new statistical method for APM. Frequency ratio (FR) is widely used in the field of geosciences but has not been applied in APM. This study tests FR in a catchment from the north-eastern part of Romania to predict the possible location(s) of Eneolithic sites. In order to do that, three factors were used: soils, heat load index and slope position classification. Eighty percent of the sites were used to build the model, while the remaining 20% were used to externally test the model’s performance. The final APM was made with the help of GIS software and classified into four susceptibility classes: very high, high, medium and low. The success rate curve and the prediction rate curve reported values of the area under curve (AUC) of 0.72, and 0.75 respectively. The Kvamme’s Gain value for the model has a value of 0.56. Therefore, the final APM is reliable, so FR is a viable technique for APM. The final map can be successfully used in archaeological research, cultural heritage management and protection, preventive archaeology and sustainable development.

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A GIS model for predicting wetland habitat in the Great Basin at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition and implications for Paleoindian archaeology

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Late Pleistocene to Holocene history of Lake Warner and its prehistoric occupations, Warner Valley, Oregon (USA)

Impact of Pleistocene–Holocene climate shifts on vegetation and fire dynamics and its implications for Prearchaic humans in the central Great Basin, USA

GIS-Based and Statistical Approaches in Archaeological Predictive Modelling (NE Romania)

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