A German AWMF’s S2e/realist synthesis and meta-narrative snapshot of craniomaxillofacial manifestations in COVID-19 patients: Rapid living update on 1 January 2021

Oral manifestations detected in COVID-19 patients: an integrative review

“…The scientific literature describes how periodontal disease, oral infections and the lack of oral hygiene can affect cases of intubated patients, inducing aspiration pneumonia (Marouf et al, 2021). Conversely, included studies in this review also reported gingival bleeding, necrotizing gingivitis and worsening of periodontal disease in positive COVID-19 patients (Brandini et al, 2021;Coke et al, 2021a;Drago et al, 2021;Eghbali Zarch & Hosseinzadeh, 2021a;Elibol, 2021;Larvin et al, 2020a;Maciel et al, 2020;Manzalawi et al, 2020;Marouf et al, 2021;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2021). Although the interference mechanisms for COVID-19 in periodontal disease are not very sedimented yet, the occurrences might indicate a two-way path for these conditions to be explored in future studies where periodontitis can lead to aspiration pneumonia and the infection by COVID-19 can worst cases of gingivitis and periodontitis.…”

“…Finally, opportunistic infections of other microorganisms can also be favored during COVID-19 infection and, as a result, potentiate the identified symptoms and even worsen the disease prognosis (Jayasrikrupaa et al, 2020;Nitecki et Brandao et al, 2021;Brandini et al, 2021;Capocasale et al, 2021;Cebeci Kahraman, Ozen, et al, 2020;Chérif et al, 2020;Cruz Tapia et al, 2020;Drago et al, 2021;Eghbali Zarch & Hosseinzadeh, 2021a;Fathi et al, 2021;Fidan et al, 2021;Halboub et al, 2020;Hockova et al, 2021;Iranmanesh et al, 2021b;Jayasrikrupaa et al, 2020;Kitakawa et al, 2020a;La Rosa et al, 2020;Maciel et al, 2020;Mulcahy et al, 2020;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2021;Ramires et al, 2021). A few studies also bring gingivitis and periodontal alterations as oral manifestations of COVID-19 though (Brandini et al, 2021;Coke et al, 2021a;Drago et al, 2021;Eghbali Zarch & Hosseinzadeh, 2021a;Elibol, 2021;Larvin et al, 2020a;Maciel et al, 2020;Manzalawi et al, 2020;Marouf et al, 2021;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2021). Minor reports of other lesions and affections are described in the Supplementary Table 1.…”

“…The included studies describe the loss of taste in different levels and times of manifestation (Cirillo et al, 2021a). Further, it is observed that in many cases the loss of taste could go along with the loss of smell (Brandini et al, 2021;Coke et al, 2021a;Morteza Mousavi-Hasanzadeh et al, 2020;Nitecki et al, 2021;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2021;Risso et al, 2020). Therefore, detecting this kind of symptom could be valuable during anamnesis for possible positive COVID-19 cases (Cirillo et al, 2021a;Elibol, 2021).…”

“…However, symptoms such as headache, gastrointestinal changes, runny nose and cough have also been associated with this infection. The most severe cases of this contamination evolve to a severe acute respiratory syndrome which, due to complications in the course of the disease, progress to multiple organ failure and finally to death(Coke et al, 2021a;Elibol, 2020;Jayasrikrupaa et al, 2020;Maciel et al, 2020;.The studies included in this review mentioned as symptoms of COVID-19: anosmia(Cirillo et al, 2021a;Cruz Tapia et al, 2020;Halboub et al, 2020;Jayasrikrupaa et al, 2020;Maciel et al, 2020;Passarelli, Lopez, et al, 2020;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2021;Risso et al, 2020;Sahin et al, 2020), hyposmia (Cruz Tapia et al, 2020Halboub et al, 2020;Maciel et al, 2020;Risso et al, 2020;Tanasa et al, 2020), fever (Amorim DosBao et al, 2020;Brandao et al, 2021;L. Chen et al, 2020b;Chérif et al, 2020;Chern et al, 2020;Cirillo et al, 2021a;Coke et al, 2021a;Elibol, 2021;Fantozzi et al, 2020;Fathi et al, 2021;Freni et al, 2020;Halboub et al, 2020;Hocková et al, 2021;Karadas et al, 2020;Lechien et al, 2020b;Manzalawi et al, 2021;Moreira et al, 2020a; Morteza Mousavi-Hasanzadeh et al, 2020;Nitecki et al, 2021;Sheng et al, 2021;Tapia et al, 2020;…”

“…Chen et al, 2020b;Chérif et al, 2020;Chern et al, 2020;Cirillo et al, 2021a;Coke et al, 2021a;Elibol, 2021;Fantozzi et al, 2020;Fathi et al, 2021;Freni et al, 2020;Halboub et al, 2020;Hocková et al, 2021;Karadas et al, 2020;Lechien et al, 2020b;Manzalawi et al, 2021;Moreira et al, 2020a; Morteza Mousavi-Hasanzadeh et al, 2020;Nitecki et al, 2021;Sheng et al, 2021;Tapia et al, 2020;Zarch & Hosseinzadeh, 2021), fatigue(Bao et al, 2020;L. Chen et al, 2020b;Manzalawi et al, 2020;Nitecki et al, 2021), cough(Bao et al, 2020;Biadsee et al, 2020;Brandao et al, 2021;Chérif et al, 2020;Cirillo et al, 2021a;Coke et al, 2021a;Fantozzi et al, 2020;Freni et al, 2020;Hocková et al, 2021;Jayasrikrupaa et al, 2020;Lechien et al, 2020b; Morteza Mousavi-Hasanzadeh et al, 2020;Nitecki et al, 2021;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2021;Sheng et al, 2021;Tham et al, 2020;Zarch & Hosseinzadeh, 2021), dyspnea(Bao et al, 2020;Coke et al, 2021a), acute respiratory distress syndrome(Bao et al, 2020;…”