A genotoxicological study of hexachlorobenzene and pentachloroanisole

Abstract

The potential mutagenic activity of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and pentachloroanisole (PCA) was investigated. No genotoxicity after application on Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test), Escherichia coli, and human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro was observed.

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicity Studies of Hexachlorobenzene (CASRN 118-74-1) Administered by Gavage to Female Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley® SD®) Rats

“…HCB (up to 1,000 μg/plate) was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, or TA1537 or in Escherichia coli WP2 in the presence or absence of microsomal activation (S9). 92 These results are consistent with previously reported negative results in several S. typhimurium strains treated with concentrations of HCB up to 10,000 μg/plate, with and without S9. 93 However, one study reports mutagenic activity of HCB at a lower dose, 50 µg/plate, in strain TA98 exposed in the presence of S9; without S9, no mutagenic activity was observed at HCB concentrations up to 100 µg/plate.…”

“…98 Despite the observations of induced DNA damage and micronuclei, no chromosomal aberrations were detected in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to HCB up to 0.1 mM. 92 Results of a study designed to evaluate HCB-induced DNA damage in an E. coli test system (differential growth in wild-type and DNA repair-deficient strains) were negative. 92 In vivo, HCB (doses of up to 221 mg/kg in corn oil) failed to induce dominant lethal mutations in germ cells of male rats (strain not specified) treated once daily by gavage for 5 days.…”

“…92 Results of a study designed to evaluate HCB-induced DNA damage in an E. coli test system (differential growth in wild-type and DNA repair-deficient strains) were negative. 92 In vivo, HCB (doses of up to 221 mg/kg in corn oil) failed to induce dominant lethal mutations in germ cells of male rats (strain not specified) treated once daily by gavage for 5 days. 99 In addition, no dominant lethal mutations were observed in male Wistar rats that were administered doses up to 60 mg/kg for 10 days.…”

Assessment of the Genotoxic Potential of Sediments Contaminated with POPs and Agricultural Soils UsingVicia fabaMicronucleus Assay

“…Downloaded by [Chulalongkorn University] at 23:14 03 January 2015 Even though the results show that the soils and sediments are genotoxic, the simple correlations of Pearson did not show correlation of the MN frequency in sediments with any of the analyzed contaminants. Studies under laboratory-controlled conditions for assessing the genotoxic capacity of single POPs have showed undoubtedly that DDT (Ennaceur et al, 2008;Canales-Aguirre et al, 2011) and the HCH isomers (Mattioli et al,1996;Anguiano et al, 2007) possess this capacity, while the HCB is considered to be a weak genotoxic (Canonero et al, 1997), or non-genotoxic (Brusick 1986;Siekel et al, 1991;Ennaceur et al, 2008). In the case of PCB toxicity, mechanisms depend on the congener; some are regarded as non-genotoxic carcinogens (Knerr and Schrenk, 2006) and others as genotoxics (Jacobus et al, 2010) with an S-dependent mechanism (Nagayama et al, 1999).…”

Hexachlorobenzene exerts genotoxic effects in a humpback whale cell line under stable exposure conditions

“…A variety of genotoxicity studies has produced predominantly negative ndings. 17,[57][58][59][60][61] However, there have also been some contradictory results. While one study reported negative results for chromosomal aberrations of HCB in human lymphocytes at concentrations of 2.8-22.8 g L À1 and 44 hours exposure, 62 a different study found that HCB caused both an increase in the frequency of micronuclei formation and of DNA breaks in primary human lymphocytes at concentrations of 30 to 160 mg L À1 and 20 hours exposure.…”