A general guide for adsorption of cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) for efficient CdS-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells

Growth-control of hexagonal CdS-decorated ZnO nanorod arrays with low-temperature preheating treatment for improved properties and efficient photoelectrochemical applications

“…The acetate ions played the role of a weak base and induced a pH of ∼6.1 (dependent on concentration) in Cd(acetate) 2 -dissolved solution to assist CdS adsorption and reaction. 29 The first rinse in the ion-exchanged solution (ethanol) removed loosely bound or excess adsorbed Cd 2+ from the diffusion layer to allow a saturated electrical double-layer formation. As an alternative to the aqueous medium, alcohol can stabilize the ionic solutions and restrict cadmium hydroxide formation.…”

“… 30 Furthermore, the anti-solvent effect generated by the insoluble nature of Cd acetate in ethanol solvent additionally propelled the Cd 2+ ions towards the substrate for contact, therefore, increasing the ion adsorption. 29 In the third step, the immersion in the anionic precursor (Na 2 S solution), HS − , S 2− , OH − and Na + ions diffused from the solution bath in the diffusion layer towards the solid solution interface until equilibrium was established. The HS − and S 2− entered the outer Helmholtz layer and reacted with pre-adsorbed Cd 2+ to form the CdS nanoparticles monolayer.…”

“…33 This means that when the pH of the cadmium cation (Cd 2+ ) solution is above pH 6.5, the surface of ZnO will bear a negative charge, which is feasible for positively-charged Cd ion adsorption. 29 All ZnO/CdS thin films prepared at conditions above the pH PZC of ZnO NRs illustrated a more regular grain size despite aggregates still being observed when the pH was further increased. Faster secondary particle growth over the pre-grown CdS particles, which act as secondary nucleation sites, caused isolated CdS particle formation instead of ZnO NRs/CdS core–shell structures.…”

Application of the similarity theory to analysis of photocatalytic hydrogen production and photocurrent generation

“…To describe the efficiency of the photoelectrochemical cells, researchers often use short-circuit current density (Jsc) [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], open-circuit potential (Voc) [26,27,30,31,33,[35][36][37], fill factor (FF) [30,33,35,36,38], power conversion efficiency (PCE, η) [26-31, 33, 35, 37, 38], incident photonto-current efficiency (IPCE, external quantum efficiency, EQE) [32,[37][38][39], solar-to-hydrogen (STH) [26,28,31,39].…”

Advancing Photoelectrochemical Systems: Unleashing the Remarkable Performance of In : SnO2/Nd4In5S13 for Sustainable Energy Applications

“…One such electrode had been synthesized from CdS quantum dots deposited in TiO 2 film through SILAR deposition. [35] SnO 2 /SnS 2 flower-like structures were deposited on various substrates to prepare electrodes for photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting showing significant properties. [36] In another study, researchers had explored ZnS/CdS/NiS@TiO 2 for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production.…”