“…With specific reference to co-design and development, as well as co-production, the customer involvement and participation extent is claimed to depend on various factors [61]: (1) expertise, in that expert customers are more likely to participate in co-production; (2) control, when beneficiaries want to "codirect outcomes", co-production is more likely to happen; (3) tangible capital, when actors have the tangible capital to perform the desired coproduction activities, this can more easily happen; (4) risk taking, co-production involve some kind of risk-i.e., physical, psychological and/or social-and the beneficiary, depending on the situation, can enhance or reduce it; (5) psychic benefits, which represent the primary motive to collaborate in a context where value co-creation and coproduction cannot be easily distinguished; and (6) economic benefits, co-production can more easily happen when actors think that co-production rewards them adequately, considering the time spent in collaborating [60].…”