A gender comparison of the psychological distress of medical students in Nigeria during the Coronavirus pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

Idowu, Oluwaseun Mercy; Adaramola, OyinOluwa Gloria; Aderounmu, Boluwatife Samson; Olugbamigbe, Ifeoluwa Delight; Dada, Olaoluwa Ezekiel; Osifeso, Adeyinka Christopher; Ogunnubi, Oluseun Peter; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade

doi:10.1101/2020.11.08.20227967

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…These findings are similar to the previous studies where females showed higher psychological distress scores. [21][22][23] These findings were also echoed in a Nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID 19 epidemic. 24 Response and responsiveness to stress appear to be different by gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Psychological Morbidity Among Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Chennai, South India

Devi¹,

Monica²,

Santhosh³

et al. 2021

ijmhns

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health threat and is by far the largest outbreak of atypical pneumonia, since the SARS outbreak in 2003. A range of psychiatric morbidities such as persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, delirium and suicidality were observed in the post infectious state across the world. Hence, the aim of the study was to understand the psychological status of the patients affected by COVID during their post-COVID follow-up period and to examine the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with high psychological morbidity. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the post-COVID follow up clinic, at a tertiary care hospital between the months of August - November 2020, using a semi structured proforma and rating scales such as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Results: The study results indicate that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients was 21.9% and 11.9%, respectively. Insomnia was observed among 21.7%Among various sociodemographic and clinical variables examined, it was observed that female gender, patients with ongoing stressors and patients with post-COVID-19 persistent physical symptoms were found to be associated with greater depression and anxiety among the study population. Conclusions: Persistent physical symptoms and ongoing life stressors are found to be associated with depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients. Hence, periodic screening for individuals with persisting physical symptoms and care for the vulnerable population such as those with ongoing stressors will provide a significant advantage in the follow up of the mental health of the patients affected with COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Psychological Morbidity Among Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Chennai, South India

Devi¹,

Monica²,

Santhosh³

et al. 2021

ijmhns

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“…Sex was the most reported demographic variable. Most studies indicated higher levels of anxiety among females compared to males ( 27 , 28 , 30 , 35 , 43 , 45 – 50 , 54 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 68 – 70 , 72 , 73 , 75 , 81 , 83 , 94 , 95 ) with the exception of one study which demonstrated an association between anxiety and being male ( 38 ). Urban residency ( 52 , 62 , 69 , 81 , 83 ), living alone (without family) and lower family income or socioeconomic status were also identified as risk factors for anxiety ( 35 , 44 , 48 , 49 , 69 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Among the various healthcare professions, medical laboratory work was significantly associated with higher anxiety compared to others (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.78–4.79) ( 47 ). Younger age ( 30 , 35 , 45 , 54 , 67 , 71 , 72 , 76 , 79 , 82 , 83 , 85 ), being a widow or single ( 38 , 42 , 67 , 73 ), being unemployed ( 38 , 67 , 73 ) and being a student ( 35 , 52 , 71 ) were also significantly associated with COVID-19 related anxiety. Additionally, negative use of religious coping mechanisms was significantly associated with greater anxiety ( 36 , 45 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety prevalence was significantly associated with depression or depressive symptoms ( 35 , 40 , 50 ). Other anxiety-related symptoms reported were insomnia ( 14 , 27 , 40 , 54 , 60 , 65 , 67 , 70 , 72 , 77 , 81 ), fear of covid ( 29 , 53 , 92 ), psychological distress ( 30 ), worry ( 38 ), and fear of getting sick ( 93 ) ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anxiety was highest among those infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR=9.59, 95% CI: 2.28–40.25) ( 73 ) and was significantly associated with having an infected relative or friend ( 39 , 44 , 46 , 58 , 96 ), being involved in discussions regarding COVID-19 related illness or death ( 45 ), fear of contamination ( 39 , 76 ), fear of death ( 76 ) and exposure to individuals with SARS-CoV-2 or who were at risk of having SARS-CoV-2 ( 15 , 43 , 58 , 74 , 95 ). History of or having an existing mental illness ( 30 , 35 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 69 ) as well as a history of an existing medical condition or chronic disease ( 46 , 49 – 51 , 79 , 83 , 94 , 96 ) were associated with greater anxiety. Poor knowledge of COVID-19 ( 48 , 49 ) and preventive practices were associated with increased odds of developing anxiety among pregnant women ( 41 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bello

Kannan

Chutiyami³

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundMedical and socio-economic uncertainties surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic have had a substantial impact on mental health. This study aimed to systematically review the existing literature reporting the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general populace in Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine associated risk factors.MethodsA systematic search of the following databases African Journal Online, CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception until 30th September 2021. Studies reporting the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression among the general populace in African settings were considered for inclusion. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Meta-analyses on prevalence rates were conducted using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software.ResultsSeventy-eight primary studies (62,380 participants) were identified from 2,325 studies via electronic and manual searches. Pooled prevalence rates for anxiety (47%, 95% CI: 40–54%, I2 = 99.19%) and depression (48%, 95% CI: 39–57%, I2 = 99.45%) were reported across Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex (female) and history of existing medical/chronic conditions were identified as major risk factors for anxiety and depression.ConclusionsThe evidence put forth in this synthesis demonstrates the substantial impact of the pandemic on the pervasiveness of these psychological symptoms among the general population. Governments and stakeholders across continental Africa should therefore prioritize the allocation of available resources to institute educational programs and other intervention strategies for preventing and ameliorating universal distress and promoting psychological wellbeing.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021228023, PROSPERO CRD42021228023.

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Determinants of gender disparities in psychological distress among youth and adults in South Africa: Evidence from the 2017 national population-based household survey

Zungu

Mabaso

Makusha

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Psychological distress has become a significant public health concern, and gender differences in psychological distress are well documented in the literature. This study investigated determinants of gender disparities in psychological distress among youth and adults in South Africa. Methods: This study data used obtained from the 2017 National HIV Prevalence, Incidence, Behaviour, and Communication Survey conducted using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling design. Multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with psychological distress among males and females. Results: In the male model, the odds of psychological distress were significantly higher among those who reported fair/poor self-rated health [AOR=1.7% (95% CI: 1.2-2.4), p=0.003], and excessive alcohol users [AOR=1.6% (95% CI: 1.1-2.3), p=0.008]. The odds were significantly lower among those with tertiary education level [AOR=0.5% (95% CI: 0.3-0.9), p=0.031], those from rural formal/farm areas [AOR=0.6% (95% 0.4-1.0), p=0.046], and those who were HIV negative [AOR=0.7% (95% CI: 0.4-1.0), p=0.051]. In the female model, the odds of psychological distress were significantly higher among those who reported fair/poor self-rated health [AOR=2.6% (95% CI: 2.0-3.4), p<0.001], and excessive alcohol users [AOR=2.0% (95% CI: 1.3-3.1), p=0.002]. The odds were significantly lower among the employed [AOR=0.7% (95% CI: 0.5-0.9), p=0.002], those from rural informal/tribal areas [AOR=0.6% (95% CI: 0.5-0.8), p=0.001], rural formal/farm areas [AOR=0.6% (95% CI: 0.4-0.9), p=0.015], and those with correct HIV knowledge and myth rejection [AOR=0.6% (95% CI: 0.4-0.7), p<0.001]. Conclusion: The findings highlight the need for tailored gender-specific interventions and targeting identified high-risk groups. The finding also underscores the importance of integrated interventions to address the adverse effects of harmful alcohol use and HIV-positive serostatus on psychological distress.

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A gender comparison of the psychological distress of medical students in Nigeria during the Coronavirus pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Psychological Morbidity Among Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Chennai, South India

Psychological Morbidity Among Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Chennai, South India

Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among the General Population in Africa During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Determinants of gender disparities in psychological distress among youth and adults in South Africa: Evidence from the 2017 national population-based household survey

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