A gastro-resistant peptide from Momordica charantia improves diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice via its novel reno-protective and anti-inflammatory activities

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a principal diabetic microvascular complication, is a chronic inflammatory immune disorder. A gastro-resistant peptide mcIRBP-9 from Momordica charantia has shown the modulation of blood glucose homeostasis in...

The Insulin Receptor: An Important Target for the Development of Novel Medicines and Pesticides

“…The 9-amino-acid-residue peptide (mcIRBP-9) is a peptide from the bitter gourd Momordica charantia L. that targets the IR and enhances the activity of IR kinase [ 169 ]. Another peptide is visfatin, which binds to the IR at a site distinct from that of insulin and causes hypoglycemia by reducing glucose release from liver cells and stimulating glucose utilization in adipocytes and myocytes [ 170 ].…”

Bioactives of Momordica charantia as Potential Anti-Diabetic/Hypoglycemic Agents

“…In STZ-induced diabetic rats, M. charantia leaf nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) could alleviate diabetes nephropathy through regulating SOCS/JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/PTEN signaling pathways: levels of Akt, PI3k, TGF-β, JAK2, STAT3 were down-regulated; the expressions of PTEN, SOCS3 and SOCS4 were up-regulated [ 60 ]. In type 2 diabetic db/db mice, the gastro-resistant peptide mcIRBP-9 showed anti-inflammatory and reno-protective abilities, as well as controlling blood glucose and HbA1c levels [ 72 ]. The mcIRBP-9 could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy through reducing renal vascular leakage and histopathological changes, altering pathways involved in inflammatory and immune responses, as well as improving inflammatory characteristics of mice [ 72 ].…”

“…In type 2 diabetic db/db mice, the gastro-resistant peptide mcIRBP-9 showed anti-inflammatory and reno-protective abilities, as well as controlling blood glucose and HbA1c levels [ 72 ]. The mcIRBP-9 could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy through reducing renal vascular leakage and histopathological changes, altering pathways involved in inflammatory and immune responses, as well as improving inflammatory characteristics of mice [ 72 ]. In particular, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) played an important role in regulating mcIRBP-9-affected immune pathways [ 72 ].…”

“…The mcIRBP-9 could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy through reducing renal vascular leakage and histopathological changes, altering pathways involved in inflammatory and immune responses, as well as improving inflammatory characteristics of mice [ 72 ]. In particular, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) played an important role in regulating mcIRBP-9-affected immune pathways [ 72 ]. In obese and diabetic OLETF rats, treatment with M. charantia edible portion (3%) down-regulated the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in liver, muscle and epididymal fats [ 73 ].…”

Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals

“…For instance, in cancer cells and inflammatory cells, M. charantia powders and extracts exhibited anti-inflammatory activities mainly by increasing the secretion levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. [25][26][27][28] Bioactive phytochemicals from M. charantia also functioned as anti-inflammatory agents by lowering the secretion levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), α-inducible protein (G1p2) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5). 29,30 The M. charantia placenta butanol fraction, mainly containing 1-R-linolenoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), 2-Rlinolenoyl-LPC, 1-lynoleoyl-LPC, and 2-linoleoyl-LPC, significantly suppressed the expressions of TNF, IL-1β, IL-1, G1p2 and CCL5.…”