A Gage Study Applied in Shear Test to Identify Variation Causes from a Resistance Spot Welding Measure System

doi:10.5545/sv-jme.2018.5235

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The rotation of the factor loads is a widespread practice to deal with the difficulty on factor loads interpretation, since it facilitates the association of the common factors to the response variables utilizing a simpler load structure [19]. The rotated factor load matrix L º can reproduce either S or R, while maintains the estimation of the communalities and specific variances, since L º = LT, and T is an orthogonal matrix for rotating L [34]. Among the rotation methods, the most used are: quartimax and varimax method.…”

Section: Orthogonal Rotation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to demonstrate the application of this improvement, the approach was applied in a resistance spot welding process, evaluating the following critical-to-quality characteristics: indentation depth (ID), penetration (P) and nugget width (NW). The planning was carried out from the design of experiments (DOE) strategy, specifically by a fractional factorial design indicated in [34]. Data collection followed appropriate planning for a GR&R study using eight parts (a), four different operators (b) and three replicates (n) for three distinct quality characteristics, totaling 288 measurement data.…”

Section: Numerical Example: a Rsw Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Gage Study Through the Weighting of Latent Variables Under Orthogonal Rotation

et al. 2020

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A new approach to identify and diagnose the quality of extensive and multivariate data is presented, using the gage repeatability and reproducibility (GR&R) study through the weighting of rotated factor scores. The proposal uses axis rotation to improve the explanation and interpretations of latent information, providing a statistically appropriate alternative when dealing with two or more correlated data sets. To analyze data with a significant variance-covariance structure, factor analysis (FA) is applied for calculating the eigenvalues and extracting of the rotated scores. Once obtained, these scores are then weighted with their respective eigenvalue for each factor. This procedure results in a single response vector, which is capable of properly interpreting all of the quality responses analyzed. To illustrate an application of the method, a real data set from a resistance spot welding process is selected, and two different types of rotation are compared. The proposed method provided an output that contemplated all of the significant variability of the data in a unique and significant way. In addition, the method enabled a reduction in the data dimensionality, thus minimizing the time for analysis and computational effort. INDEX TERMS Multivariate measurement system, repeatability and reproducibility, orthogonal rotation, weighted factor analysis, resistance spot welding.

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Section: Orthogonal Rotation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Example: a Rsw Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gage Study Through the Weighting of Latent Variables Under Orthogonal Rotation

et al. 2020

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“…In their work, Balan et al [24] optimized the bead geometry using a simulated annealing technique. Shao et al [25] optimized the welding stress and deformation by varying the electric current, voltage, and the welding speed using the design of experiments (DOE), which is a strategy for modeling experiments using statistical and mathematical techniques [26]. Gomes et al [19] studied a FCAW process for stainless-steel claddings.…”

Section: Theoretical Background a Stainless-steel Claddingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Stochastic Optimization Approach Applied in a Flux-Cored Arc Welding Process

et al. 2020

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One of the main goals in flux-cored arc welding processes is the optimization of bead geometry, in which multiple geometric characteristics of the welding bead are important; therefore, multiobjective optimization programming is often applied. However, several optimization problems that use stochastic programming do not consider the impact of the correlation between the output variables on their probabilistic constraints. In this context, this paper aims to present a multiobjective optimization method based on multivariate stochastic programming. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposal, we conducted a design of experiments to optimize a flux-cored arc welding process for stainless-steel claddings. The weighting-sums method was applied to formulate the multiobjective optimization problem. It was possible to formulate a multivariate probability distribution for the penetration and dilution. In addition, a 95% probability to meet the predefined specification limits of the geometric characteristics was achieved. INDEX TERMS Bead geometry, bivariate normal distribution, flux-cored arc welding, multiobjective optimization programming, stainless steel claddings, stochastic programming.

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“…Sob o mesmo ponto de vista, dentre os métodos aplicados junto ao GR&R, o ANOVA é amplamente utilizado em trabalhos como [21,[25][26]29,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Alguns estudos recentes também realizam análise do sistema de medição no processo de RSW como [11,[42][43][44]. Entretanto, ainda é escasso o número de trabalhos que comparam os instrumentos de medição utilizados no processo de RSW.…”

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Análise das Causas de Variação Atribuídas a Diferentes Instrumentos Metrológicos para Verificação das Características Geométricas de um Processo de Soldagem por Pontos

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Gomes

et al. 2018

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Resumo Neste estudo, buscou-se analisar a variabilidade de instrumentos utilizados na indústria para avaliar as características geométricas de um ponto de solda. Para tal, inicialmente, utilizou-se da técnica de planejamento de experimentos para gerar um arranjo fatorial fracionado para as configurações dos parâmetros de soldagem em corpos de prova de aços galvanizados por imersão a quente, a fim de representar a amplitude real do processo de soldagem por pontos. Para as análises, utilizou-se o estudo de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade (GR&R), pelo método de análise de variância, para identificar os componentes de variação do sistema de medição avaliando três instrumentos distintos, comparando as medições realizadas por um analisador de imagens, a partir do ensaio metalográfico, e métricas de instrumentos convencionais de metrologia como o relógio apalpador e o paquímetro manual. Foram avaliadas duas características da qualidade, sendo elas: a profundidade de indentação e o diâmetro do ponto. A partir dos resultados foi possível verificar que o analisador de imagem apresentou uma menor variabilidade nas medições, caracterizando-se como a melhor escolha para as medições das respostas de qualidade do processo de solda por pontos apresentando um GR&R classificado como aceitável.

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A Gage Study Applied in Shear Test to Identify Variation Causes from a Resistance Spot Welding Measure System

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

A Gage Study Through the Weighting of Latent Variables Under Orthogonal Rotation

A Gage Study Through the Weighting of Latent Variables Under Orthogonal Rotation

Multivariate Stochastic Optimization Approach Applied in a Flux-Cored Arc Welding Process

Análise das Causas de Variação Atribuídas a Diferentes Instrumentos Metrológicos para Verificação das Características Geométricas de um Processo de Soldagem por Pontos

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