A fusion-domain color image watermarking based on Haar transform and image correction

Liu, Decheng; Su, Qingtang; Yuan, Zihan; Zhang, Xueting

doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114540

Cited by 52 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Step 5: Taking advantage of pseudo-random sequence generated by MATLAB built-in function randperm(.) based on private keys KB i and KC i to randomly locate the matrix block Hcblock from the coefficient matrix E-map i , and then its maximum energy coefficient E′ max of DHT is also acquired fast in the spatial domain using Equation (12).…”

Section: The Procedures Of Watermark Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for the above situation is that considering large‐information color images as watermarks will add the embedding difficulty, and also affect some performances of watermarking to varying degrees. However, because color images exist the irreplaceable advantages of binary and greyscale images as well as the feature of wide coverage, the dual‐color image watermarking has attracted many scholars' attention and recognition 12–14 . For example, Liu et al 12 designed a fusion‐domain watermarking strategy of color image by exploiting the properties of Haar transform and image correction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because color images exist the irreplaceable advantages of binary and greyscale images as well as the feature of wide coverage, the dual-color image watermarking has attracted many scholars' attention and recognition. [12][13][14] For example, Liu et al 12 designed a fusion-domain watermarking strategy of color image by exploiting the properties of Haar transform and image correction. In Reference [12], the attack type is judged and corrected by recognizing the edge geometric features of the attacked image, which further guarantees the robustness, especially against geometric attacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14] For example, Liu et al 12 designed a fusion-domain watermarking strategy of color image by exploiting the properties of Haar transform and image correction. In Reference [12], the attack type is judged and corrected by recognizing the edge geometric features of the attacked image, which further guarantees the robustness, especially against geometric attacks. Su et al 14 presented QR decomposition-based dual-color image watermarking method, which implements the embedding of color watermark through quantization technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A spatial domain‐based color image blind watermarking scheme integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform

Zhang

2021

Int J Intell Syst

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In this paper, a spatial domain‐based blind watermarking scheme of color images integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform (DHT) is proposed to protect color digital images' copyright under the current 5G network environment. On the basis of the unique spatial computing property of the maximum energy coefficient of DHT and the energy aggregation principle of multilevel image transform, the color watermark image scrambled by Affine transform is directly hidden into color carrier image by quantitative techniques in the spatial domain, rather than the complex DHT domain. The specific performance of the scheme in various aspects is as follows: (1) the average value of the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio is higher than 40 dB; (2) the average value of structural similarity index metric remains above 0.9700; (3) the average value of normalized cross‐correlation under no attack is 1.0000; (4) the average value of normalized cross‐correlation. under attack is above 0.9600; (5) the total execution time is 1.1856 s; (6) the maximum embedding capacity is 0.0625 bpp; and (7) the entire key space is greater than 2432. Multiple simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is not merely imperceptible and robust, but also secure and efficient, which can protect the digital copyright with effect.

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Section: The Procedures Of Watermark Embeddingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A spatial domain‐based color image blind watermarking scheme integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform

Zhang

2021

Int J Intell Syst

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…e transform domain scheme used a series of transforms to convert image into transform coefficients and then used the correlation between the coefficients for information hiding. More researched schemes included discrete cosine transform, wavelet transform [5,6], and so on. In addition, in order to improve the secrecy and robustness of hidden information, information hiding schemes based on image compression [7] and encryption [8] have also been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel High-Capacity Information Hiding Scheme Based on Improved U-Net

Liu

Meng

Zheng

et al. 2022

Security and Communication Networks

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With the gradual introduction of deep learning into the field of information hiding, the capacity of information hiding has been greatly improved. Therefore, a solution with a higher capacity and a good visual effect had become the current research goal. A novel high-capacity information hiding scheme based on improved U-Net was proposed in this paper, which combined improved U-Net network and multiscale image analysis to carry out high-capacity information hiding. The proposed improved U-Net structure had a smaller network scale and could be used in both information hiding and information extraction. In the information hiding network, the secret image was decomposed into wavelet components through wavelet transform, and the wavelet components were hidden into image. In the extraction network, the features of the hidden image were extracted into four components, and the extracted secret image was obtained. Both the hiding network and the extraction network of this scheme used the improved U-Net structure, which preserved the details of the carrier image and the secret image to the greatest extent. The simulation experiment had shown that the capacity of this scheme was greatly improved than that of the traditional scheme, and the visual effect was good. And compared with the existing similar solution, the network size has been reduced by nearly 60%, and the processing speed has been increased by 20%. The image effect after hiding the information was improved, and the PSNR between the secret image and the extracted image was improved by 6.3 dB.

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Robust image watermarking in DCT domain using optimal inter‐block difference

Kricha

Sakly

2023

Concurrency and Computation

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SummaryRobust watermarking provides valuable solutions to protect the copyright and secure digital images. In this paper, a robust and transparent watermarking scheme in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain is presented. The watermark is embedded into the difference of two adjacent DCT coefficients located at the same frequency. The embedding process involves optimal selection of adjacent blocks and DCT coefficients positions. For a given DCT block, the optimal selection is to find the coefficient with the lowest DCT frequency that requires the minimal variation to represent the target watermark bit. To insert the watermark, a new quantization index modulation (QIM) based method with irregular distance between continuous quantizers is employed. The performance of the proposed scheme was extensively evaluated using 12 benchmark images and a total of more than 90 attacks per image grouped into nine attack types including JPEG compression, filtering and noise contamination. Furthermore, robustness comparison with state‐of‐the‐art works was conducted, and the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.

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A fusion-domain color image watermarking based on Haar transform and image correction

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

A spatial domain‐based color image blind watermarking scheme integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform

A spatial domain‐based color image blind watermarking scheme integrating multilevel discrete Hartley transform

A Novel High-Capacity Information Hiding Scheme Based on Improved U-Net

Robust image watermarking in DCT domain using optimal inter‐block difference

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