A further examination of the time-dependent effects of oxazepam and lorazepam on implicit and explicit memory

Buffett-Jerrott, Susan E.; Stewart, Sherry H.; Teehan, Michael D.

doi:10.1007/s002130050680

Cited by 38 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…The attenuation of behavioral indices of repetition priming with lorazepam is consistent with previous psychopharmacological studies (Buffett-Jerrott et al, 1998;Vidailhet et al, 1999). In contrast to most previous studies, however (Danion et al, 1990;Knopman, 1991;Schifano and Curran, 1994), our results with scopolamine also demonstrate a cholinergic modulation of repetition priming.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Drug doses and administration schedule were chosen according to the literature to induce behavioral impairments. Doses between 2 and 3 mg of oral lorazepam have been shown to reliably impair repetition priming, whereas lower doses are less effective (Knopman, 1991;Legrand et al, 1995;Buffett-Jerrott et al, 1998). Maximal effects occur at 2 hr after ingestion, which also corre-sponds to peak plasma levels .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Psychopharmacological and electrophysiological evidence suggests an absence of cholinergic modulation on repetition priming, because several studies found no behavioral (Danion et al, 1990;Knopman, 1991;Schifano and Curran, 1994) or neuronal ) modulation of repetition effects after administration of the cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. By contrast, manipulations of GABAergic neurotransmitter systems with the benzodiazepine lorazepam impairs behavioral indices of repetition priming in humans (Knopman, 1991;Buffett-Jerrott et al, 1998;Vidailhet et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 95%

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Pharmacological Modulation of Behavioral and Neuronal Correlates of Repetition Priming

Thiel¹,

Henson

Morris³

et al. 2001

J. Neurosci.

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In this experiment we address the pharmacological modulation of repetition priming, a basic form of learning, using eventrelated functional magnetic resonance imaging. We measured brain activity in a word-stem completion paradigm in which, before study, volunteers were given either placebo, lorazepam (2 mg orally), or scopolamine (0.4 mg, i.v.). Relative to placebo, both drugs attenuated the behavioral expression of priming. Repetition was associated with a decreased neuronal response in left extrastriate, left middle frontal, and left inferior frontal cortices in the placebo group. Both drugs abolished these "repetition suppression" effects. By showing a concurrence of behavioral and neuronal modulations, the results suggest that GABAergic and cholinergic systems influence the neuronal plasticity necessary for repetition priming.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Pharmacological Modulation of Behavioral and Neuronal Correlates of Repetition Priming

Thiel¹,

Henson

Morris³

et al. 2001

J. Neurosci.

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“…Other cognitive tasks including evaluation of sedation and event-related potentials at peak and one hour after peak were employed and the results are published elsewhere (Pompéia et al, 2003). The indirect stem-completion tasks were carried out first, so as to diminish the possibility that explicit strategies be employed in the indirect task (see Buffett-Jerrott et al, 1998b), followed by the direct tasks, which had random inclusion and exclusion instructions. Encoding and test lists were counterbalanced within subjects and treatments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem‐completion tasks (indirect, direct inclusion and exclusion) are differently affected by equipotent doses of lorazepam and flunitrazepam

Pompéia¹,

Bueno²,

Galduróz³

et al. 2003

Human Psychopharmacology

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This study was designed to explore the effects on performance in stem-completion tasks of two benzodiazepines (BZ) in equipotent doses: lorazepam, a drug that atypically disrupts perceptual priming, and flunitrazepam, a compound with standard BZ effects. The study followed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group design. Thirty-six young and healthy subjects carried out three completion tasks at theoretical peak-plasma concentrations of drugs: (a) indirect tasks, in which the subjects were instructed to complete stems with the first word that came to mind; (b) direct inclusion tasks/cued recall, in which the participants had to try to use words seen at study as completions; and (c) direct exclusion tasks, in which words seen at study were to be avoided. The PDP was applied to the results in the inclusion and exclusion tasks, to obtain indices of explicit/controlled (C) and implicit/automatic (A) memory. The C index was lowered by both BZs and A was equivalent in all treatments, confirming the general amnestic action of BZs. However, lorazepam led to decreases in completions in the indirect and inclusion tasks, while flunitrazepam impaired performance in the exclusion task. The qualitative differences between the drugs in their effects on performance suggest that these BZs may lead to differences in response bias.

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“…Drug doses and administration schedules were chosen according to the literature in a manner designed to optimize behavioral impairments. Thus, doses between 2 and 3 mg oral lorazepam have been shown to reliably impair repetition priming, whereas lower doses are less effective (Buffett-Jerrott et al 1998;Legrand et al 1995;Knopman 1991), with maximal effects occurring at 2 h after ingestion which also corresponds to peak plasma levels . Scopolamine was administered IV because oral scopolamine has variable absorption, poor bioavailability, and is behaviorally less effective (Putcha et al 1989;Nuotto 1983).…”

Section: Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scopolamine but Not Lorazepam Modulates Face Repetition Priming A Psychopharmacological fMRI Study

Thiel

Henson

Dolan

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Repetition priming is a basic form of learning associated with decreased neuronal responses following stimulus repetition. In this experiment, we address cholinergic and GABAergic modulation of repetition priming in a face recognition paradigm. In experiment 1, we used eventrelated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) inRepetition priming is a basic form of learning defined behaviorally as facilitated or biased processing of previously encountered stimuli. One possible neuronal signature of this form of learning is "response suppression," a decrement in the neuronal response to repeated stimulation that has been shown in monkeys (Desimone 1996). Measures of repetition priming in humans include pattern completion, object identification, or word-stem completion tasks (Schacter 1994). When using such tasks in conjunction with neuroimaging methods, studies have consistently found decreased hemodynamic responses in posterior cortical regions when items are repeated (Squire et al. 1992;Buckner et al. 1998;Buckner et al. 2000;Badgaiyan 2000;van Turennout et al. 2000 successfully demonstrated a human analog to the decreased neural firing observed in monkey cortex, which is referred to as "repetition suppression." Using a word-stem completion task, we have previously shown that "repetition suppression" is modulated by GABAergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems (Thiel et al. 2001). Both lorazepam and scopolamine decreased the size of repetition suppression effect in posterior and frontal cortical regions. Both drugs also impaired the behavioral index of repetition priming, suggesting that GABAergic and cholinergic systems modulate neuronal plasticity necessary for priming in this paradigm. The behavioral impairments with lorazepam were consistent with prior studies using picture-fragment completion, word-fragment completion, or wordstem completion tasks Vidailhet et al. 1994;Vidailhet et al. 1999;Danion et al. 1992;Brown et al. 1989). Behavioral impairments of repetition priming with scopolamine, on the other hand, were not in line with the majority of prior studies (Knopman 1991;Danion et al. 1990;Schifano and Curran 1994), and we suggested that these differences could be caused by a lower active dose used in these previous studies (see Thiel et al. 2001 for discussion).The rationale for the present study was to further investigate GABAergic and cholinergic modulation of repetition priming, using a paradigm involving face recognition (Ellis et al. 1990). This paradigm investigates priming of faces and its modulation by familiarity (i.e., famous vs. unfamous faces). Whereas the paradigm has been used in several psychological and neuroimaging studies (Ellis et al. 1990;Brunas-Wagstaff et al. 1992;Henson et al. 2000;Henson et al. 2002), its pharmacological modulation has not previously been investigated. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies using repeated, intermixed presentations of famous and unfamous faces in implicit face priming paradigms have shown greater responses to famous than unfam...

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A further examination of the time-dependent effects of oxazepam and lorazepam on implicit and explicit memory

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Pharmacological Modulation of Behavioral and Neuronal Correlates of Repetition Priming

Pharmacological Modulation of Behavioral and Neuronal Correlates of Repetition Priming

Stem‐completion tasks (indirect, direct inclusion and exclusion) are differently affected by equipotent doses of lorazepam and flunitrazepam

Scopolamine but Not Lorazepam Modulates Face Repetition Priming A Psychopharmacological fMRI Study

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