A freedom from disease study: Schmallenberg virus in the south of England in 2015

Stokes, Jessica E; Baylis, Matthew; Duncan, Jennifer

doi:10.1136/vr.103903

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(46 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is clearly lower than the previously reported overall seroprevalence and between‐herd seroprevalence of, respectively, 65% and 100% reported at the end of the vector season of 2012 (Méroc, Poskin, Van Loo, Van Driessche et al., ). This seems to be in line with the general assumption that the SBV circulation in Belgium and other European countries has ceased since 2012, leading to a decline in the proportion of sheep that have been into contact with the virus and harbor SBV‐specific antibodies (Collins, Barrett, Doherty, Larska, & Mee, ; Gache et al., ; Poskin et al., ; Stokes, Baylis, & Duncan, ; Wernike, Holsteg, Sasserath, & Beer, ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Evidence of extensive renewed Schmallenberg virus circulation in Belgium during summer of 2016 - increase in arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly cases expected

Sohier

Deblauwe

Loo

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A seroprevalence study carried out between June and September 2016 in the Belgian sheep population showed a significant increase in overall (from 25% to 62%) and between-herd (from 60% to 96%) seroprevalence against Schmallenberg virus (SBV) during this period, indicating the most extensive recirculation of SBV since its original emergence in 2011. SBV recirculation was confirmed by the detection of SBV RNA-positive Culicoides obsoletus complex midges collected in the region of Antwerp in August 2016, reaching a minimum infection rate of 3%. The recirculation of SBV in the largely unprotected ruminant population during summer 2016 will likely cause an increase in the number of arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly cases in newborn ruminants during the coming months.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Evidence of extensive renewed Schmallenberg virus circulation in Belgium during summer of 2016 - increase in arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly cases expected

Sohier

Deblauwe

Loo

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…SBV, similarly to bluetongue virus (BTV), is transmitted by female blood-sucking midges of Culicoides genus. The faster spread of SBV in Europe in relation to BTV-8 ( 27 , 30 ) might, however, suggest involvement of more numerous and/or effective reservoirs. Judging by the high frequency of SBV-specific antibodies in a broad spectrum of species, the virus may infect a wide variety of different reservoirs ( 19 , 24 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus?

Kęsik-Maliszewska

Jabłoński

Larska

2017

Journal of Veterinary Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionA novel to Europe Schmallenberg virus (SBV) causes clinical disease manifested by reproduction disorders in farm ruminants. In free-living ruminants, SBV antibodies as well as the virus were detected. Recent studies also revealed SBV antibodies in wild boars. The study investigates SBV antibodies occurring in wild boars in Poland at the peak of recent virus epidemics in the country.Material and MethodsSamples collected from 203 wild boars culled during the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 hunting season were serologically tested using multi-species cELISA. Attempted neutralisation tests failed due to poor serum quality. RT-PCR was implemented in seropositive and doubtful animals.ResultsTwo samples collected from wild boar in the winter of 2013 gave a positive result in ELISA, while another two from the 2012/2013 hunting season were doubtful. No SBV RNA was detected in spleen and liver tissues.ConclusionLow SBV seroprevalence in wild boars, despite high incidence of SBV infections occurring simultaneously in wild ruminants, suggests that boars are unlikely to be a significant reservoir of the virus in the sylvatic environment in Poland.

show abstract

“…The clearest indication of trade acceptable design prevalence for AHS freedom comes from the surveillance requirements of the EU for AHS in the South African sentinel surveillance program, where the required sample size corresponds to an animal‐level design prevalence of 5% (EU, ). Animal‐level design prevalences selected for freedom from disease surveys for other arboviral diseases range between 1% and 5% (Camphor, ; Diarmita, ; Grigore, ; Tratalos et al, ) but can be as low as an effective animal‐level prevalence of 0.5% (Stokes, Baylis, & Duncan, ). In our case, the design prevalence used to determine the overall sample size assumed that the AHSV associated with the Paarl 2016 outbreak was circulating in 1% of the population; decreasing this below 1% would have been cost‐prohibitive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing post‐outbreak freedom from African horse sickness virus in South Africa's surveillance zone

Grewar

Sergeant

Weyer

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An African horse sickness (AHS) outbreak occurred in South Africa's AHS controlled area in autumn 2016. A freedom from disease survey was performed to establish the likelihood of ongoing circulation of the associated virus during the same period the following year. A single‐stage surveillance strategy was employed with a population‐level design prevalence of 1% to establish a survey population sensitivity of 95% (probability that one or more positive horses would be detected if AHS was present at a prevalence greater than or equal to the design prevalence). In March 2017, a total of 262 randomly selected horses from 51 herds were sampled from the 2016 outbreak containment zone. Three within‐herd and herd‐level design prevalence scenarios were used in evaluating the post‐survey probability of freedom. Depending on the underlying design prevalence scenarios, effectively ranging between 0.8% and 6.4%, and the use of informed or uninformed priors, the probability of freedom derived from this surveillance ranged between 73.1% and 99.9% (uninformed prior) and between 96.6% and 100% (informed prior). Based on the results, the authors conclude that it is unlikely that the 2016 AHS virus was still circulating in the autumn of 2017 in the 2016 outbreak containment zone. The ability to perform freedom from disease surveys, and also to include risk‐based methods, in the AHS controlled area of South Africa is influenced by the changing underlying population at risk and the high level of vaccination coverage in the horse population. Ongoing census post‐outbreak must be undertaken to maintain a valid sampling frame for future surveillance activity. The seasonality of AHS, the restricted AHS vaccination period and the inability to easily differentiate infected from vaccinated animals by laboratory testing impact the ability to perform a freedom from disease survey for AHS in the 12 months following an outbreak in the controlled area.

show abstract

A freedom from disease study: Schmallenberg virus in the south of England in 2015

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Evidence of extensive renewed Schmallenberg virus circulation in Belgium during summer of 2016 - increase in arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly cases expected

Evidence of extensive renewed Schmallenberg virus circulation in Belgium during summer of 2016 - increase in arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly cases expected

Were Polish wild boars exposed to Schmallenberg virus?

Establishing post‐outbreak freedom from African horse sickness virus in South Africa's surveillance zone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About