“…In the operations management literature, the win-win paradigm is often translated as the lean and green concept, i.e., the idea that the adoption of lean practices will achieve not only efficiency (and thus profitability) improvements but will also provide environmental benefits. Extensive empirical literature exists to confirm this thesis (Belhadi et al, 2018;Duarte & Cruz-Machado, 2019;King & Lenox, 2000;Siegel et al, 2022). A variation on the same theme is the literature on eco-efficiency (Cagno et al, 2012;de Souza Costa et al, 2021;Prashar, 2021) where, again, improvement initiatives are defined at the intersection between economic and environmental performance.…”